| | 3 | Author
| Wolf Strecker, Siegfried Silz, Gerhard Ruhenstroth-Bauer, Ingolf Böttger | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Insulin und Glukagon im Blutplasma teilhepatektomierter Ratten Insulin and Glucagon in the Blood Plasma of Partial Hepatectomized Rats  | | | | Abstract
| U p to 4 weeks after partial hepatectomy the concentrations o f im m unoreactive insulin and glucagon in the blood plasma of rats were determined. Furtherm ore we m easured the activity of acid phosphatase in the serum, the concentration of cyclic AM P in liver cells, the activities of acid phosphatase in whole liver cells and in the cytosol of liver cells after partial hepatectomy. 2 h after partial hepatectom y there was a decline of the concentration o f insulin in the plasm a to about 13% of the initial value. 12 h after surgery a 5-fold increase of glucagon was found in the plasma. Shortly after this cyclic AMP reached its highest concentration. The activity of acid phosphatase in the whole liver cells and in the cytosol decreases slightly in the first 24 h after surgery whereas there is an increase o f the activity of acid phosphatase in the serum. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 35c, 65—7 (1980); eingegangen am 2. M ärz/2. August 1979 | | | |
Published
| 1980 | | | |
Keywords
| Rat, Partial Hepatectomy, Blood Plasma, Glucagon, Insulin | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/35/ZNC-1980-35c-0065.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1980-35c-0065 | | | | Volume
| 35 | |
| 4 | Author
| Michael Koch | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| How Can Adaptive Behavioural Plasticity Be Implemented in the Mammalian Brain? | | | | Abstract
| The adaptive control of behaviour requires brain mechanisms for the selection (i.e. activa tion and suppression) of responses, as well as mechanisms for the modulation o f the response vigour. The concept of motivation postulates the existence of brain centres that regulate the selection and strength o f behavioural responses. The present paper provides examples from the behavioural neurosciences for brain mechanisms that lead to adaptive changes of an organisms responsiveness to external stimuli. The mammalian startle response is a simple defensive behaviour which is mediated by an oligosynaptic pathway located in the lower brainstem. The startle response is enhanced by aversive states (fear, anxiety) and attenuated by appetitive states (pleasure), which can be regarded as an example of motivational priming. Furthermore, the startle response is inhibited by a weak sensory stimulus presented shortly before the startling stimulus. The suppression of startle by a prepulse is an example o f sen sorimotor gating, a principle that is important for the hierarchical organisation of behaviour. This paper describes the neuronal mechanisms underlying the modulation (prepulse inhibi tion and fear potentiation) of the startle response in rats, and discusses the possible adaptive significance of these different phenom ena of behavioural plasticity. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 53c, 593—5 (1998); received April 2 1998 | | | |
Published
| 1998 | | | |
Keywords
| Amygdala, Fear, Rat, Sensorimotor Gating, Startle Response | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/53/ZNC-1998-53c-0593.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1998-53c-0593 | | | | Volume
| 53 | |
| 5 | Author
| Bernd Dresow, Peter Nielsen, HellmuthC. Heinrich, <. F. Eh, K. N. Ih, N. H. 4feh, K. F. Eh, C. F. Oral | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Efficacy of Different Hexacyanoferrates(II) in Inhibiting the Intestinal Absorption of Radiocaesium in Rats | | | | Abstract
| The inhibitory effect of various oral doses o f different hexacyanoferrate(II) compounds (H C F) and the influence o f the time interval o f HCF-administration on intestinal 134Cs-ab-sorption was studied in rats. O ptim um inhibition was obtained by administration of H C F to gether with or 2 min before oral ,34Cs loading. Using appropriate low amounts (0.1 -0.5 mg) o f the different H C F compounds, the inhibitory effect increased in the sequence K Z administra tion o f 5 mg (0.5 mg) o f K F e H C F , together with l34CsCl loading, reduces l34Cs-absorption from 41 % (control) to 0.8% (2.8%). Zinc-, copper-, cobalt, and nickel hexacyanoferrates(II), despite showing a high caesium sorption capacity in vitro, were less effective in rats and are not suited for in vivo application, also because they may produce toxic side effects. As a consequence, the orally administered colloidal-soluble iro n(III) hexacyanoferrates(II) (N H 4 Fe[Fe(CN)6] and KFe[Fe(CN)6]) have to be considered as the most valuable countermeasure against radiocaesium absorption for humans and domestic animals in the case o f a severe nuclear accident in the future. Manganese oxide, a non-hexacyanoferrate(II) compound with known in vitro caesium bind ing capacity, showed no inhibitory effect on radiocaesium absorption in rats. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 45c, 676—680 (1990); received September 4 1989/March 5 1990 | | | |
Published
| 1990 | | | |
Keywords
| l34Caesium, Hexacyanoferrates(II), Rats, Radiocaesium Absorption, Manganese Oxide | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/45/ZNC-1990-45c-0676.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1990-45c-0676 | | | | Volume
| 45 | |
| 6 | Author
| M. Einrad Boll3, L. Utz, W.D W Eberb, A., Stam Reas, Pflb | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| The Response of Rat Serum Lipids to Diets of Varying Composition or Contaminated with Organochlorine Pesticides | | | | Abstract
| The effects of different diets (high carbohydrate, high protein, high fat) and diets contami nated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and/or y-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) on the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids were investigated in Wistar rats. Serum triglyceride levels differed significantly among the diets, while those of cholesterol and phospholipids were much less affected by the diet composition. A change in diet compo sition resulted in a gradual adaptation to the lipid levels characteristic of the new diet with major variations including oscillations. There was, however, no specific component of a diet that could be associated with any specific change in serum lipids. While feed deprivation decreased the serum lipids (40-65% in 3 days), refeeding the starved animals caused pro nounced increases of the lipids that were different among the diets. The response of the triglyceride levels was the strongest (up to 1 0 times the starvation levels) followed by those of the phospholipids (4-fold) and cholesterol (2.5-fold). Response of the triglyceride levels peaked within 1 or 2 days of refeeding, whereas those of cholesterol and phospholipids took 4 days to reach the maximum. Feeding PCB-contaminated diets increased the serum lipids in a dose-dependent manner (15-250 ppm). Higher PCB concentrations were increasingly inhibitory (350 ppm) or overtly toxic (> 400 ppm). Elevated lipids returned to the starting levels immediately after peaking (triglycerides) or only after several days (cholesterol, phospholipids) but with an earlier onset at lower PCB concentrations. Refeeding starved animals with PCB-contaminated diets also increased the serum lipids dose-dependently. Feeding lindane-containing diets (50-150 ppm) as well as refeeding animals with lindane diets resulted in a considerable increase of the triglyceride levels, while cholesterol and phos-pohlipids increased much less. Higher lindane concentrations (250 ppm) were inhibitory. The outcome on serum lipid levels on feeding diets contam inated with both PCBs and lindane was basically additive. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 91—100 (1996); received Septem ber 9/November 6 1995 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Serum Lipids, Rat, Diet Composition Polychlorinated Biphenyls, y-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0091.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0091 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 7 | Author
| M. Nogues, A. Cuenda, F. H. Enao, C. Gutierrez-M, Erino | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Ca2+ Uptake Coupled to Glycogen Phosphorolysis in the Glycogenolytic-Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Complex from Rat Skeletal Muscle | | | | Abstract
| The glycogenolytic-sarcoplasmic reticulum complex from rat skeletal muscle accumulates C a2+ upon stimulation of glycogen phosphorolysis in the absence of added ATP. It is shown that an efficient C a2+ uptake involves the sequential action of glycogen phosphorylase, phos-phoglucomutase and hexokinase, which generate low concentrations of A TP (approximately 1 -2 ^m) compartm entalized in the immediate vicinity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum C a2+, Mg2+-ATPase (the C a2+ pump). The C a2+ uptake supported by glycogenolysis in this subcel-lular structure is strongly stimulated by micromolar concentrations of AMP, showing that the glycogen phosphorylase associated with this complex is in the dephosphorylated b form. The results point out that the flux through this compartmentalized metabolic pathway should be enhanced in physiological conditions leading to increased A M P concentrations in the sarcoplasm, such as long-lasting contractions and in ischemic muscle. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 591 (1996); received January 9/February 28 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| C a2 +-U ptake, Glycogenolysis, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Rat, Skeletal Muscle | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0591.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0591 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 8 | Author
| M. Stohrer3, A. Ndrea Eichinger3, M. Schlachter5, M. Stangassinger3, F. Hoffmann, -La Roche Ltd | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Protective Effect of Vitamin E in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia | | | | Abstract
| Under certain pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia and reperfusion the occur rence of free radicals is remarkably increased. However, only very little information is avail able on their quantitative relevance for the pathophysiology and final outcom e of diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution o f oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of a stroke. For this purpose a rat model for stroke was used. Two of three vitamin E deficient groups were repleted with different dosages of DL-a-tocopherylacetate. N o signs of vitamin E deficiency could be observed. However, the weight gain during reple tion was increased in the vitamin E repleted groups. Brain infarction was created by occlusion o f the right middle cerebral artery (M CAO) for two hours. After 24 hours the measurements o f infarct volum es were taken. The infarct volume of the group with the highest repletion dosage was significantly reduced by 81%. This was also expressed in a higher rate of gait disturbances after MCAO o f the deficient animals. The control of vitamin E status exhibited a similar repletion-dependent level in plasma and brain. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the generation of oxygen radicals occurring during reperfusion is an impor tant aspect of the pathophysiological mechanism in brain infarction. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 53c, 273—2 (1998); received D ecem ber 19 1997/January 22 1998 | | | |
Published
| 1998 | | | |
Keywords
| Vitamin E, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion, Rat, Brain Infarct Volume, Oxygen Radicals | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/53/ZNC-1998-53c-0273.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1998-53c-0273 | | | | Volume
| 53 | |
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