| | 1 | Author
| M. Wink | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Chemical Defense of Leguminosae. Are Quinolizidine Alkaloids Part of the Antimicrobial Defense System of Lupins?  | | | | Abstract
| Growth o f 6 bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Bacillus megaterium , Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus viridis, Micrococcus luteus, and M ycobacterium ph lei) was inhibited by 50% if the growth m edium contained sparteine at concentrations between 0 .5 -1 0 m M . Total growth inhibition, which was bacteriostatic in nature, was achieved at 20 m M . The growth o f 6 phytopathogenic fungi was also affected: at a sparteine concentration o f 15 m M the growth o f Alternaria porri was reduced by 40% as compared to the untreated control. R espective values were 18% inhibition for Piricularia oryzae, 33% for H elminthosporium carbonum, 15% for R hizoctonia solani, 5% for Fusarium oxysporum, and 42% for Asperquillus oryzae. Since the concentrations o f quinolizidine alkaloids range from 1 -2 0 0 m M (roots, leaves, or stems) or 1 0 -2 0 0 m m ol/k g (seeds) in Legum inosae, it is discussed whether quinolizidine alkaloids are involved in the antim icrobial defense o f lupins, in addition to their potential role as allelopathic or herbivore repellent defense com pounds. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 39c, 548 (1984); received January 23 1984 | | | |
Published
| 1984 | | | |
Keywords
| Quinolizidine Alkaloids, Growth Inhibition, Bacteria, Fungi, Antim icrobial Defense | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/39/ZNC-1984-39c-0548.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1984-39c-0548 | | | | Volume
| 39 | |
| 2 | Author
| Michael Wink | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Chemical Defense of Lupins. Mollusc-Repellent Properties of Quinolizidine Alkaloids | | | | Abstract
| Polyphagous molluscs such as H elix pom atia and Arion rufus generally do not feed on plants containing alkaloids. O f 19 species tested 10 species were totally avoided, the other 9 species were less attacked than Lactuca sativa, which was readily taken. Plants containing quinolizidine alkaloids were studied in detail. Those species with the a-pyridone alkaloids cytisine and N-methylcytisine were avoided to a higher extent than plants with lupanine as the major alkaloid. Since the repellency observed could be due to other natural products present in the plants besides the alkaloids, the feeding response o f H elix pom atia was tested on artificial diets containing quinolizidine alkaloids in various concentrations as the only variable. If the snails had the choice they clearly preferred alkaloid-free food or a diet with only low alkaloid concen trations. Half-maximal repellency o f cytisine is less than 2 m M , o f sparteine 1 -5 m M , and o f lupanine 1 -8 mM. Since the in vivo concentrations o f sparteine, cytisine, and lupanine are equal to or higher than the inhibitory concentrations required it is concluded that quinolizidine alkaloids constitute a potential antimolluscan principle o f legum es. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 39c, 553 (1984); received March 22 1984 | | | |
Published
| 1984 | | | |
Keywords
| Quinolizidine Alkaloids, M ollusc Repellency, C oevolution, Plant-H erbivore Interaction, Snails, Chemical Defense | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/39/ZNC-1984-39c-0553.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1984-39c-0553 | | | | Volume
| 39 | |
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