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1

1	Author	Heinz-Jörg Kurth, Dieter Bieniek, Friedhelm Körte	Requires cookie*
	Title	Hochdruckreaktionen, XIII [1] Synthese von(—)Cannabidiol unter hohen Drucken High Pressure Reactions, XIII [1] Synthesis of (—) Cannabidiol at High Pressure
	Abstract	Cannabidiol 3 has been synthesized under high pressure conditions (7-8 kbar, 150 °C) from Olivetol 1 and trans-p-Menthadien-(2,8) -ol -(1) 2 with 41% yield. The influence of different solvents on the yield has been studied.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 36b, 275—276 (1981); eingegangen am 17. November 1980
	Published	1981
	Keywords	High Pressure, Cannabidiol, Stereospecific Synthesis
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_B/36/ZNB-1981-36b-0275_n.pdf
	Identifier	ZNB-1981-36b-0275_n
	Volume	36

2	Author	A. Heinrich-Schramm, W. E. Price, H.-D Lüdemann	Requires cookie*
	Title	T
	Abstract	h e In flu e n c e o f D ip o le -D ip o le I n te r a c tio n a n d H y d r o g e n B o n d in g U p o n T r a n s la tio n a l D iffu s iv ity in S im p le F lu id s Self-diffusion coefficients of dimethylether have been measured as a function of temperature (185-458 K) and pressure (up to 200 MPa) by pulse-gradient field spin-echo NMR. Calculated activation volumes (AV*) fall from 15 (10-6 m3/mole) at the highest temperature to 7 (10~6 m3/mole) at the lowest. This trend is in keeping with values for other non-associating liquids. Comparison with self diffusion data for propane and ethanol reveals that the translational diffusivity in dimethylether is influenced by the substance's modest dipole moment (1.3 Debye). The effect is small but measur able and becomes more pronounced at lower temperatures. S e lf-D iffu s io n in C o m p re s s e d D im e th y le th e r :
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 50a, 145—148 (1995); received October 5 1994
	Published	1995
	Keywords	Dimethylether, Diffusion, High Pressure
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/50/ZNA-1995-50a-0145.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1995-50a-0145
	Volume	50

3	Author	M. Sandmann, F. Hamann, A. Würflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	PVT and DTA Measurements on trans-4-w-Hexyl- (4'-CyanophenyI)-Cyclohexane (6PCH) up to 300 MPa
	Abstract	The phase diagram of trans-4-n-hexyl-(4'-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane, (6PCH) has been estab-lished by high-pressure differential thermal analysis. Specific volumes are presented for temper-atures between 300 and 370 K up to 300 MPa. The p,V m ,T data have been determined for the nematic, isotropic, and (partly, in the neighbourhood to the melting curve) solid phases. Volume and enthalpy changes along the phase transitions have also been calculated. As previously, the p,Vm,T data were used to calculate the volume entropy for the nematic-isotropic transition. The molar volumes along the clearing line T NI (p) enabled us to calculate the molecular field parameter 7 = ain T NI /3ln V NI , being 4.1.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 54a, 281—286 (1999); received March 13 1999
	Published	1999
	Keywords	6PCH, High Pressure, pVT, Phase Transitions, Thermodynamics
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/54/ZNA-1999-54a-0281.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1999-54a-0281
	Volume	54

4	Author	Albert Würflinger, M. Massalska-Arodż3, S. Urbanb, W. Weissflogc, S. Emstc	Requires cookie*
	Title	Thermodynamic Measurements on the Binary System Bis{[2,2-di(w- hexyloxycarbonyl)ethenyl]phenyl} Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate and 4-w-Octyloxyphenyl 4-/i-Pentyloxybenzoate at Elevated Pressures
	Abstract	Thermodynamic measurements have been carried out on the binary system of a swallow-tailed liquid crystal A = bis{[2,2-di(n-hexyloxycarbonyl)ethenyl]phenyl} biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (4DS6) and B = 4-n-octyloxyphenyl 4-rc-pentyloxybenzoate (5 0 /0 8). A filled smectic A phase is induced in the concentration range 0.11 < xA < 0.75. The maximum of the SmA-N transition temperature (365 K) is observed for xA = 0.33. Dilatometric measurements show that the packing density in the filled phases is increased. High-pressure DTA is employed in order to investigate the coexistence range of the liquid crystalline phases and the slopes of the transition lines. The slopes of the melting curves for the mixtures are significantly smaller than those for the pure components. The slopes for the smectic -nematic -isotropic transitions are considerably larger. The coexistence range for the (smectic + nematic) phases does not seem to be pressure-limited, rather it increases with pressure.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 56a, 658—662 (2001); received July 18 2001
	Published	2001
	Keywords	Phase Transitions, DTA, High Pressure, Swallow-tailed Liquid Crystals
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/56/ZNA-2001-56a-0658.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-2001-56a-0658
	Volume	56

5	Author	J. R., D. B., F. K.	Requires cookie*
	Title	High Pressure Reactions, IX 1 Isomerizations at High Pressures
	Abstract	Cyclooctatetraene dimerises at high pres sure (12 Kbar, 20 °C) to the isomers 2 and 3. At 120 °C compound 2 isomerises quanti tatively to compound 3. The conversion rate of Hexamethyldewarbenzene to Hexamethyl-benzene at high pressures depends on kind of solvent, whereas the influence of tempera ture is small in the range between 2 0 ° and ' 80 °C.
	Reference	(Z. Naturforsch. 30b, 290 [1975]; eingegangen am 17. Oktober 1974)
	Published	1975
	Keywords	High Pressure, Cyclooctatetraene, Dimerisation, Hexamethyldewarbenzene, Isomerization
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	Identifier	ZNB-1975-30b-0290_n
	Volume	30

6	Author	Rolf-Rüdiger Krüger, W. Alter, Abriel	Requires cookie*
	Title	Über das Hochdruckverhalten von Gips On the Behaviour of Gypsum under High Pressure
	Abstract	The decom position o f gypsum (dehydration) was studied in the pressure range 7 .5 -6 0 kbar and the temperature range 7 5 -4 0 0 °C using a belt type apparatus. Surprisingly, gypsum is rather stable even at pressures greater than 20 kbar contradicting the results o f a calculation o f the space requirement o f the competing phases (A I I -C a S 0 4 + H-,0; Hemihydrate + H20). Only when rising the temperature, as the most important thermodynamic variable for this reaction, the kinetically controlled decomposition starts. N o acceleration o f the dehydration process under shear stress (simple squeezer device) could be detected due to the limited (not geological) time.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 45b, 1221—1226 (1990); eingegangen am 27. Februar 1990
	Published	1990
	Keywords	Gypsum, Hydrates, High-Pressure, D ecom position
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_B/45/ZNB-1990-45b-1221.pdf
	Identifier	ZNB-1990-45b-1221
	Volume	45

7	Author	H. Einz, Jürgen Beister, K. Arl Syassen, Jürgen Klein	Requires cookie*
	Title	Phase Transition of N a3As under Pressure
	Abstract	We have investigated the high pressure behaviour of N a3As by powder X-ray diffraction. At 3.6 G Pa the material undergoes a reversible phase transition from the N a3As structure (P 6 3/ mmc, a = 487.4(8) pm, c = 851.5(20) pm, Z = 2, at 3.6 G Pa) to the Li3Bi structure type (Fm 3m , a = 683.5(15) pm, Z = 4, at 3.6 GaP). The equation of states is given for the pressure range up to 26 GPa. Results are discussed with respect to structural properties of related A3BV-compounds.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 45b, 1388—1392 (1990); received M arch 7 1990
	Published	1990
	Keywords	High Pressure, Crystal Structure, Phase Transition
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_B/45/ZNB-1990-45b-1388.pdf
	Identifier	ZNB-1990-45b-1388
	Volume	45

8	Author	Oliver Schilke, EberhardH. Ohaus, H. Arro Lentz, JeongR. Kim	Requires cookie*
	Title	HPTLC-Analyse von Ginsenosiden zur Bewertung von Ginseng-Extraktionen mit Methanol-Wasser, Wasser oder Ammoniak HPTLC Analyses o f Ginsenosides for the Evaluation of Ginseng Extractions with M ethanol-W ater, W ater or Am m onia
	Abstract	Korean Ginseng roots were extracted with m ethanol-w ater, water and liquid and supercriti cal ammonia. The yields of the extracts by different methods are reported. The extracts were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chrom atography. Retention value factors of ginsen osides are tabellized. The absolute yields have been measured in mg ginsenoside per g ginseng root for the used standard ginsenosides. Formally the am m onia extraction at 334 K and 26 bar is found to be favourable. The supercritical condition of 418 K and 130 bar leads to a decom position of the ginsenosides. Possibilities of fractionation by different solvents or different temperatures are indicated, but attem pts are still required to get fractions o f several extraction agents.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 46b, 829—834 (1991); eingegangen am 17. Dezember 1990
	Published	1991
	Keywords	Ginsenoside, Extraction, H PTLC Analysis, High Pressure
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	Identifier	ZNB-1991-46b-0829
	Volume	46

9	Author	S. U. Rban, T. Briickert, A. W. Ürflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	Dielectric Studies on Liquid Crystals under High Pressure: VI. Low Frequency Relaxation Process in the Nematic and Smectic A Phase of 4-n-Octyl-4'-Cyanobiphenyl (8 CB)
	Abstract	Dielectric relaxation studies of 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8 CB) were performed in the pressure range 0 .1 -1 2 0 M Pa, the frequency range 1 k H z -1 3 M Hz and the temperature range 2 9 5-331 K. The dielectric behaviour of 8C B in the nematic phase is similar to that of 5CB, 6C B and 7CB. In particular, the activation enthalpy decreases with increasing pressure and the activation volume decreases with increasing temperature in the nematic phase. In the smectic A phase of 8CB both these parameters are markedly lower and show opposite pressure and temperature dependencies. We tentatively interpret these effects as a result of breaking of the dipole-dipole correlations which manifests itself differently in these liquid crystalline phases.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 49a, 552 (1994); received March 5 1994
	Published	1994
	Keywords	Dielectric relaxation, High pressure, Liquid crystals, Activation quantities
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/49/ZNA-1994-49a-0552.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1994-49a-0552
	Volume	49

10	Author	Heinrich-Schramm, W. E. Price, H.-D Lüdemann	Requires cookie*
	Title	A
	Abstract	Self-diffusion in ethanol/hexane and dimethylether/hexane mixtures of various compositions has been measured at 215-350 K and up to 200 MPa. Qualitative analysis of the results indicates that, as expected, hydrogen bonding retards the self-diffusion of ethanol in the mixture, especially at the low temperatures. Dimethylether shows a slight effect of dipole-dipole interactions on the self-diffu sion, as seen by a higher AE* value than for the alkane. However there is no significant difference in the pressure dependence for both mixtures. This is shown by considering the ratio of the two diffusion coefficients, which suggests that, contrary to what is observed for pure alcohols, pressure has little effect upon the hydrogen bonding of ethanol in the mixture. In additon, there is surprisingly little concentration dependence on the ratios for either mixture.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 50a, 149—154 (1995); received October 5 1994
	Published	1995
	Keywords	Binary mixtures, Self diffusion, High pressure
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/50/ZNA-1995-50a-0149.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1995-50a-0149
	Volume	50

11	Author	Z. Naturforsch	Requires cookie*
	Title
	Abstract	The pressure-dependence of the dielectric anisotropy, Ae = e0\|\|— e0±, of two nematogens, n-pentyl-and n-hexyl-cyanobiphenyl (5CB and 6CB) has been measured at constant temperature. For this purpose a high pressure chamber made of non-magnetic materials was constructed, allowing for the orientation of the samples by a magnetic field. The pressure dependencies of Aex were analyzed in the frame of the Maier-Meier equations for the principal permittivity components in the nematic phase. It was found that the relation between Ae and the order parameter S is not properly described by these equations. The Kirkwood correlation factor calculated on the basis of the present results and the Maier-Meier equations is smaller than 0.5, whereas it increases to a more realistic value (~0.7) if the electronic polarization is incorporated in the equations. P r e s s u r e D e p e n d e n c e o f th e D ie le c tric A n is o tr o p y o f 5 C B a n d 6 C B
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 50a, 826—830 (1995); received April 28 1995
	Published	1995
	Keywords	Nematic liquid crystals, Cyanobiphenyls, High pressure, Dielectric anisotropy
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	Identifier	ZNA-1995-50a-0826
	Volume	50

12	Author	A. Wiirflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	Nematic Potential and Order Parameter Determined from Dielectric Measurements
	Abstract	The Maier-Saupe theory is employed in order to calculate order parameters S from the nematic po-tential q. It is found that one of the basic assumptions of the Maier-Saupe theory, q ~S, is approximate-ly fulfilled. The relation between q and S is analysed for various state changes. Previously reported find-ings for 7 PCH that q ~S, not fulfilled along isochoric changes, can be explained by taking into account the pressure and temperature dependences of q. The procedure described in this paper allows to treat experimental data for the nematic potential in a unique way, without being affected by inadequacies of experimentally determined order parameters.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 53a, 141—144 (1998); received February 11 1998
	Published	1998
	Keywords	Liquid Crystals, High Pressure, Nematic Potential, Dielectric Relaxation
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/53/ZNA-1998-53a-0141.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1998-53a-0141
	Volume	53

13	Author	M. Sandmann, A. Würflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	PVT Measurements on 4'-w-Hexyl-Biphenyl-4-Carbonitrile (6CB) and 4 -w-Heptyl-Biphenyl-4-Carbonitrile (7CB) up to 300 MPa
	Abstract	P, V m , 7" data were established for 4'-n-hexyl-biphenyl-4-carbonitrile (6CB) and 4'-n-heptyl-biphen-yl-4-carbonitrile (7CB) between 300 and 370 K up to 300 MPa, and specific volumes were determined for the liquid crystalline, isotropic, and also partly for the crystal phases. Volume and enthalpy chang-es at the phase transitions are also presented. In the case of 6CB, a new crystal phase has been detect-ed, corresponding to a triple point at 338 K and 196 MPa. The p, V m , T data enabled us to separate the entropy change into a volume-dependent part and configurational part. From the molar volumes along the nematic-isotropic phase transition T Nl (p), the molecular field parameter y= 3lnT NI /3ln V NI was deter-mined.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 53a, 233—238 (1998); received March 11 1998
	Published	1998
	Keywords	6CB, 7CB, High Pressure, pVT, Phase transitions, Thermodynamics
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/53/ZNA-1998-53a-0233.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1998-53a-0233
	Volume	53

14	Author	M. Sandmann, A. Würflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	PVT Measurements on 4'-/i-Octyl-Biphenyl-4-Carbonitrile (8CB) up to 300 MPa
	Abstract	P, V m , Tdata have been measured for the smectic, nematic and isotropic phases of 4'-n-octyl-biphen-yl-4-carbonitrile (8CB) in the temperature range 300-370 K and pressures up to 300 MPa. At atmos-pheric pressure all phase transitions appear to be of first order due to a discontinuity in the density. The volume change at the smectic A -nematic transition is only a tenth of the volume change at the clear-ing temperature. At moderate pressures below 80 MPa the S A -N transition could be detected as a dis-continuity in the period of oscillation in measurements with a high-pressure vibrating tube densimeter. At higher pressures the discontinuity seems to die away, possibly indicating a change from first order to second order transition. From the volume changes and the slopes of the transition lines we calculate the enthalpy changes at the phase transition. The p, V m , T data enable us to calculate the volume part of the entropy and the molecular field parameter y=9ln 7 N i/3ln V NI .
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 53a, 787—792 (1998); received July 10 1998
	Published	1998
	Keywords	8CB, High Pressure, pVT, Phase Transitions, Thermodynamics
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/53/ZNA-1998-53a-0787.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1998-53a-0787
	Volume	53

15	Author	Stanislaw Urban, Albert Würflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	High Pressure Dielectric Studies of a Substance with the Smectic A 1 Phase
	Abstract	The results of dielectric studies of 5-n-hexyl-2-(4'-isothiocyanato)-l,3-dioxane (6DBT) in the smec-tic A, phase at pressures up to 150 MPa and temperatures up to 340 K are presented. The low frequen-cy relaxation time T\\ (/?, T) yields the activation volume A # V\|\| = RT(d ln Tjj/9/>) r and activation enthal-py A # //jj = R(d ln T\|\|/37) p . The calculated values of these parameters are compared with those ob-tained recently for n-octyl-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) forming the smectic A d phase. In the case of 6DBT both these quantities are practically constant, whereas those for 8CB decrease, when going away from the phase transitions isotropic -smectic A] (6DBT) or nematic -smectic A d (8CB). These differences support our earlier conclusion that increase of pressure leads to a breaking of the antiparallel associa-tions of cyanobiphenyl molecules in the smectic as well as in the nematic phases.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 54a, 455—458 (1999); received July 12 1999
	Published	1999
	Keywords	Liquid Crystal; Smectic A, Dielectric Properties, High Pressure
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/54/ZNA-1999-54a-0455.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1999-54a-0455
	Volume	54

16	Author	M. Massalska-Arodź, A. Würflinger, D. Büsing	Requires cookie*
	Title	High-pressure DTA Studies of the Phase Behaviors of 4-n -butyl-thiocyanobiphenyl (4TCB) and 4-w-pentyl-4'-n-phenyl-cyanocyclohexane (5HCP)
	Abstract	DTA measurements of 4-/i-butyl-thiocyanobiphenyl (4TCB) and/?-cyano-/?'-pentylphenyl-cyclohex-ane (5HCP) have been performed in the temperature range 220 K-390 K and pressures up to 400 MPa. For 4TCP a transition from a crystalline to a liquid crystal phase (probably smectic E) could be detect-ed at higher pressures > 90 MPa. The pressure dependence of the transition temperature has been estab-lished. At pressures lower than 88.7 MPa no transition of SmE into a crystal or into a glass has been found. For 5HCP only the melting curve was observed, in contrast to 5PCH, which displays a liquid crystalline nematic phase.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 54a, 675—678 (1999); received November 5 1999
	Published	1999
	Keywords	DTA, High Pressures, Phase Transitions, Liquid Crystals
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	Identifier	ZNA-1999-54a-0675
	Volume	54

17	Author	H. Hauer, H.-D Lüdemann, R. Jaenicke	Requires cookie*
	Title	Free Activation Energies and Activation Volumes for the Amide Rotation in Some Peptides Studied by High Pressure 'H-High Resolution NMR
	Abstract	From the pressure dependence o f !H high resolution N M R spectra o f two dipeptides (glycylsarcosine and N-acetyl-L-proline-NH-methylamide in the range 0.1 MPa <.p< . 150 MPa the activation volumes A V* for the am ide rotation are derived. This conform ational transition is characterized for glycylsarcosine by A V* = 4 ± 1 cm3 • m ol-1 and for. the proline derivative by AV* = 1 .5 ± 1 cm3 • m ol-1. From the given results the m axim um contribution o f proline cis ^ trans isomerisation to the pressure dependence o f the rate o f reactivation of proteins can be estimated to ~ — 30% per M Pa and proline present.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 37c, 51—56 (1982); received Septem ber 221981
	Published	1982
	Keywords	Activation Volume, High Pressure, NM R, Peptides, Proline-Isom erization
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_C/37/ZNC-1982-37c-0051.pdf
	Identifier	ZNC-1982-37c-0051
	Volume	37

18	Author	SeymourSteven Brody, Karel Heremans	Requires cookie*
	Title	Pressure Induced Shifts in Spectral Properties of Pigment-Protein Complexes and Photosynthetic Organisms
	Abstract	Application o f elevated pressure (up to 1200 bars) results in a bathochrom ic shift o f the absorption bands o f photosynthetic pigments. The photosynthetic system s studied include: photosystem I particles, chloroplasts, acetone extracts o f chloroplasts, A U T particles and light harvesting particles o f Rh. sphaeroides, light harvesting particles o f R26. Sim ilar spectral changes are observed in all systems. The spectral shifts appear to be associated w ith pressure-induced changes in the local electric fields o f the pigm ents, rather than changes in the index o f refraction o f the solvent.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 39c, 1104 (1984); received June 18 1984
	Published	1984
	Keywords	Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll, High Pressure, Reaction Centers, C hlorophyll-Protein C om plexes
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	Identifier	ZNC-1984-39c-1104
	Volume	39

19	Author	H. G. Kreul, R. Waldinger, A. Würflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	Differential Thermal Analysis and Dielectric Studies on Neopentanol under Pressure
	Abstract	Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and dielectric measurements have been performed on 2,2-di-methyl-l-propanol (neopentanol) up to 200 MPa. Neopentanol exhibits at least one orientationally disordered (ODIC) phase (solid I) that transforms at lower temperatures to a non-plastic phase (solid II). There is evidence of a further ODIC phase denoted as solid I'. The pressure dependence of the phase transitions and the dielectric behaviour up to frequencies of 13 MHz are described. Activation enthalpies and volumes are derived from the dielectric relaxation time and compared with results for other alcohols.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 47a, 1127—1134 (1992); received July 27 1992
	Published	1992
	Keywords	High pressure, DTA, Phase transitions, Dielectric constant, and relaxation
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	Identifier	ZNA-1992-47a-1127
	Volume	47

20	Author	J. Reuter, T. Brückert, A. Würflinger	Requires cookie*
	Title	Differential Thermal Analysis under Pressure on Cyanocyclohexane, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-methanonaphthalene, and 2-Methyl-2-propanol
	Abstract	Differential thermal analysis has been performed on cyanocyclohexane (CCH), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-methanonaphthalene (TDMN), and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butanol) up to 300 MPa. The latter compound was also investigated dielectrically. CCH displays an ODIC phase that transforms only reluctantly to the low-temperature stable phase II. Annealing under pressure can appreciably accelerate this transformation. For all three compounds the phase diagrams were established. For CCH and TDMN also the pressure dependence of the glass transition has been determined.
	Reference	Z. Naturforsch. 48a, 705—708 (1993); received March 10 1993
	Published	1993
	Keywords	High pressure, DTA, Phase transitions, Glass transition, Dielectric constant
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	TEI-XML for	default:Reihe_A/48/ZNA-1993-48a-0705.pdf
	Identifier	ZNA-1993-48a-0705
	Volume	48

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