| | 81 | Author
| M. Anfred Spüler, Gerhard Heide | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Sim ultaneous Recordings o f Torque, Thrust and M uscle Spikes from the Fly Musca domestica during O ptom otor Responses  | | | | Abstract
| A p ril 10, 1978 M u s c a , Optomotor Response, Torque/Thrust Meter, Direct F ligh t M uscles A new torque/thrust meter is described. Torque, thrust, wing-beat frequency and spike activity in direct flight muscles are recorded simultaneously during optomotor re sponses of the fly M u s c a dom estica. In earlier studies on the optomotor response of flies torque, thrust and spike activity in direct flight muscles have been recorded and analysed in separate experiments. T o gain further inform ation about the flight control system it is advantageous to correlate these parameters with one another. This paper de scribes an experimental set-up that allows both the above mentioned parameters and the wing-beat fre quency to be recorded simultaneously while the fly is stimulated by the motion o f stripe patterns. Torqu e as well as thrust is measured using two semiconductor force transducer elements (Akers A E 8 0 1). This force transducer has already been applied to the measurement of torque by Sandeman et al. [ 1 ] , Liske [ 2 ] , and Srinivasan and Bernard [ 3 ] . The torque/thrust meter shown in F ig. 1 works on the follow in g principle: The fly is fastened to the connector (c) that is clamped between the torque transducer (d) and the thrust transducer (i) without any other bearing. The torque transducer (d) is suspended on plate-springs (f) that adapt to m ove ments in the direction o f thrust whereas they do not yield to forces transferred by the lever (k) during torque reactions. The axis of rotation is determined by the points o f two insect pins (g) that are pressed against the thrust transducer (i) by the tension of the plate-springs. During generation o f torque and thrust the transducer beams are deflected in the directions indicated by arrows in the enlarged draw ings o f the suspension points. These are the direc tions o f strain-sensitivity o f the transducer beams. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 455 (1978); received | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0455_n.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0455_n | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 82 | Author
| Franz Daliacker, Leonardus Erkens, In-0, K. Im | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Derivatives o f 1.3-Benzodioxoles, 42 Am ino-1,3-benzodioxoles | | | | Abstract
| Am ino-l,3-benzodioxoles, Am ino-m ethoxy-l,3-benzodioxoles, Amino-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxoles | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 459 (1978); eingegangen am 17. M ai 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0459.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0459 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 83 | Author
| Z. Naturforsch | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| | | | | Abstract
| 1.3-Benzodioxolecarbolic Acids, M ethoxy-l,3-benzodioxolecarboxylic Acids, D im ethoxy-l,3-benzodioxolecarboxylic Acids | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 465 (1978); eingegangen am 17. M ai 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0465.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0465 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 84 | Author
| M. Arjatta Raudaskoski, H. Eikki Pyysalo | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Occurrence of N-m ethyl-N-form ylhydrazones in Mycelia of Gyromitra esculenta | | | | Abstract
| A p ril 24, 1978 G yrom itra esculenta, False M orel, N-m ethyl-N-form ylhydrazones, M ycelia, Monosporic, Strains N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones, the toxic compounds identified in the fruitbodies of the false morel G y rom itra esculenta, were also found in the mycelia grown from isolated ascospores. The amounts of acetaldehyde N-m ethyl-N-form ylhydrazone, the main hydrazone compound of the false morel, varied significantly among the strains studied. Especially low levels occurred in some of the strains isolated from one fruitbody. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 472 (1978); received | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0472.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0472 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 85 | Author
| John Kamsteeg, Jan Van Brederode, FransJ E M Küppers, Gerrit Van Nigtevecht | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Anthocyanins Isolated from Petals of Various Genotypes of the Red Campion (Silene dioica (L .) Clairv.) | | | | Abstract
| S ilen e dioica, Caryophyllaceae, Acylated Anthocyanins, Pelargonidin-and Cyanidin-Glycosides Anthocyanin pigments present in petals of various genotypes of S ile n e dioica were identified by /?f-values, UV-spectra, partial and total hydrolysis, alkalysis, N M R -and IR-spectra. Both the 3-glucosides, 3,5-diglucosides, 3-rutinosides and 3-rutinosides-5-glucosides of cyanidin and pelar gonidin were found. The location of the acyl group at the 3-O-bound sugar in acylated anthocyanins — p-coumaric acid in pelargonidin-glycosides and caffeic acid in cyanidin-glycosides — has been determined by partial hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, and oxidative cleavage with sodium periodate followed by reduction with sodium borohydride and identification of the polyalcohols formed after hydrolysis. The phenolic acids have been shown to be attached to the 4-hydroxyl group of rhamnose in antho-cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucosides and to the 6-hydroxyl group of the 3-O -bound glucose in antho-cyanidin 3-O-glucosides. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 475 (1978); received M ay 16 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0475.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0475 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 87 | Author
| D. Bade, F. Parak | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Mössbauer Spectroscopy on Oxygenated Sperm Whale Myoglobin: Evidence for an Fe3+-0 2~ Coupling at the Active Center | | | | Abstract
| Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Oxygenated M yoglobin 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of oxygenated sperm whale myoglobin (M b O ,) show a w ell resolved quadrupole doublet with a temperature dependent splitting. The temperature dependence o f the corresponding electric field gradient tensor (E F G) can be calculated from a Fe3+ term scheme for the iron at the active center. The Mössbauer spectra as w ell as the diamagnetic character of the M b 0 2-complex are then understood by an exchange coupling of the F e 3+-ion with the 0 , " oxygen molecule ion. T h e resulting groundstate is a diamagnetic singlet. In order to keep the whole com plex diamagnetic at room temperature, an exchange As the whole model is in fair agreement with many a good starting point for further detailed calculations. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 488 (1978); received M ay 12 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0488.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0488 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 91 | Author
| JosefPeter Pichotka, HansJosef Schmidt | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Is Oxygen Consumption of Surviving Tissues Determined by the Oxygen Tension of the Suspension Medium? | | | | Abstract
| A p ril 12, 1978 Oxygen Consumption, Isolated Tissue, Influence of Shaking Rate, Influence of Oxygen Tension Oxygen tension in the suspension medium and oxygen uptake of the isolated diaphragm of the mouse have been determined simultaneously with systematic variation of shaking frequency and oxygen concentration of the gas phase. Oxygen tension in the suspension medium readies its final value during the usual equilibration period of 10 minutes and remains constant for the whole | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 511—516 (1978); received | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0511.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0511 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 92 | Author
| Wolfgang Wagner, Hartmut Follmann, M. Arburg, Ahlert Schmidt | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Multiple Functions of Thioredoxins | | | | Abstract
| A p ril 28, 1978 Reduced Thiorcdoxin, Ribonucleotide Reduction, Sulfate Reduction, Fructose-bis-phosphatase, Specificity Reduced thioredoxins from microbial and plant cells, both of cytoplasmic or chloroplast origin, are interchangeable in stimulating such diverse enzyme activities as ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (E . c o l i) , P A P S sulfotransferase (S y n e c h o c o c c u s), and fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatase (from spinach) in vitro. It is suggested that reduced thioredoxins are unspecific, multifunctional cellular proteins while in contrast the oxidized froms require | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 517 (1978); received | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0517.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0517 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 93 | Author
| VickiD. Breazeale, BobB. Buchanan, RicardoA. Wolosiuk | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Chloroplast Sedoheptulose 1,7-Bisphosphatase: Evidence for Regulation by the Ferredoxin/Thioredoxin System | | | | Abstract
| 1. A substrate-specific sedoheptulose-l,7-bisphosphatase has been found in chloroplasts and separated from its fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase counterpart. Experiments with antibodies indicate that the two enzymes are structurally different. 2. Activity of the sedoheptulose-l,7-bisphosphatase enzyme was dependent on M g i+ and a reductant. The most effective reductant tested was thioredoxin that was reduced either photochemi-cally via ferredoxin with chloroplasts or chemically with dithiothreitol. Dithiothreitol added alone also activated the enzyme, but reduced glutathione or 2-mercaptoethanol did not. The thioredoxin-activated enzyme was deactivated by oxidized glutathione. 3. The results suggest that the new substrate-specific sedoheptulose-l,7-bisphosphatase depends on light for activity and resembles certain other regulatory enzymes of the reductive pentose phos phate cycle in its mode of regulation. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 521 (1978); received M ay 16 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
Keywords
| Sed-P2ase, Ferredoxin, Thioredoxin, Enzyme Regulation | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0521.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0521 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 94 | Author
| Friederike Koenig, Alfons Radunz, GeorgH. Schmid, Wilhelm Menke | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Antisera to the Coupling Factor of Photophosphorylation and Its Subunits | | | | Abstract
| Stroma-freed chloroplasts were extracted with sucrose palmitate-stearate containing buffer. A fter the addition o f dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol to the extract a series of polypeptides was isolated from the mixture by gel filtration. These polypeptides were later used for immunization. Antisera to four polypeptides reacted in the Ouchterlony double diffusion test with authentic coupling factor yielding a precipitation band. According to the observed apparent molecular weights the polypeptides are the a, ß , 8 and e subunits of the coupling factor. An antiserum to the y subunit has been obtained already previously. A ll antisera inhibit photophosphorylation reactions and electron transport considerably. Addition of gramicidin inhibits photophosphorylation com pletely whereas gramicidin restores electron transport in the assays with the antisera to the a, ß , y and 5 subunit. In the case o f the antiserum to the E subunit gramicidin does not regenerate electron transport. As in the presence of the serum to the £ subunit pH changes in the suspension medium are not observed, this serum seems to open a proton channel. Also, upon addition of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (D C C D) pH changes in the suspension medium in the assay with antiserum do not reoccur. According to these unexpected results the identity o f the antigen with the e subunit of the coupling factor is not certain. ATP-ase reactions are only inhibited by the antisera to the a and y subunit and what is thought to be the £ subunit. The antiserum to the a subunit uncouples electron transport as the only one when used in sufficient concentrations. The dosis-effect curves o f the inhibition of the electron transport exhibits a maximum. The dosis-effect curves for the other components rise after a lag phase in an approxim ately hyperbolic manner. The inhibitory action on electron transport is exerted by all antisera in the region of the reaction center I or in its immediate vicinity. This is thought to be due to the fact that a protein of the reation center I is inhibited in its function by the increasing proton concentration inside the thylakoid. The inhibition of electron transport by the antiserum to the e subunit is considered to be a direct serum effect. Besides the increase in fluorescence yield, due to the inhibition of electron transport in the region o f photosystem I, decreases of the fluorescence yield are observed in the presence of D CM U, which do not depend on the redox state of Q but rather on the condition of the thylakoid mem brane. Moreover, the antisera affect in a differing manner the energy spill-over o f excitation from photosystem I I to photosystem I. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 529 (1978); received June 21 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
Keywords
| Coupling Factor, Antisera, Chloroplasts, Fluorescence | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0529.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0529 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 95 | Author
| K.-P Heise, G. Harnischfeger | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Correlation between Photosynthesis and Plant Lipid Composition | | | | Abstract
| received M ay 23, 1978 Thylakoid, L ip id Composition, P/2e Ratio A n attempt is reported to link changes in thylakoid lipid composition with the electron-transport and A T P -form a tion capability of the chloroplast. The observation that the monogalactolipid : phos-phatid-ratio (M G D G / P L) of leaf sections shows a linear correlation with the P/2e value of simul taneously isolated Jensen-Bassham plastids was followed up experimentally for an in vitro plastid system. L ipid composition in these experiments was changed by illum inating the suspension with white light. T he result shows, that similar dependencies can be obtained with both Jensen-Bassham chloroplasts and, up to a certain degree, chloroplast membrane fragments. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 537 (1978) | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0537.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0537 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 96 | Author
| Hartmut Spiller, Anneliese Ernst, Wolfgang Kerfin, Peter Böger | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Increase and Stabilization of Photoproduction of Hydrogen in Nostoc muscorum by Photosynthetic Electron Transport Inhibitors | | | | Abstract
| Nittrogen-fixing cells of N o s to c m u s co ru m grown under nitrogen or in the presence of nitrate exhibit substantial light-induced hydrogen production for over 15 hours in the presence of electron transport inhibitors. Rates attain levels of 12 //mol H 2 evolved/ml packed cell volume and hour. The ATP-dependent nitrogenase, not a hydrogenase, is responsible for hydrogen production. This is indicated by poor sensitivity to CO and inhibition of the reaction by uncouplers, acetylene, and N 2 . A n active uptake hydrogenase minimizes light-induced H 2 production. Although nitrogenase activity is somewhat decreased by several photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors, hydrogen production is markedly increased. This is due to lowering the partial pressure of oxygen in the cell, preventing oxidative hydrogen consumption. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 541 (1978); received M ay 24 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
Keywords
| Cyanobacteria, W ater Photolysis, Nitrogenase, Uptake Hydrogenase, Photoproduction of Hydrogen, Photosynthetic Electron Transport Inhibitors | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0541.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0541 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 97 | Author
| J.R 0 Dawson, P. E. Dickerson, JanetM. King, F. Sakai, A.R H Trim, J. W. Watts | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Improved Methods for Infection of Plant Protoplasts with Viral Ribonucleic Acid | | | | Abstract
| Infection of tobacco protoplasts with R N A of tobacco mosaic virus and the bromoviruses has been studied. The quality of the R N A was very important. Ribonuclease activity was controlled by incorporating 5 mM ZnCl2 in the inoculum. Up to 60% infection has been observed with bromovirus R N A but infection with T M V R N A was much less efficient. A procedure for inoculating in 40% polyethylene glycol was developed. High levels of infection were obtained with all the viruses and viral R N A examined. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 548—551 (1978); received May 10 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
Keywords
| Protoplasts, R N A, Plant Viruses, Tobacco M osaic Virus, Polyethylene Glycol | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0548.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0548 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 98 | Author
| KarlSiegfried Boos, Eckhard Schlimme, Paderborn, Morio Ikehara | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Conformationally Restricted Adenine Nucleotide Analogs in Mitochondrial Adenine Nucleotide Transport | | | | Abstract
| The conform ationally restricted adenine nucleotide analogs 8,3'anhydro-8-oxy-9-(/?-D-xylofurano-syl) adenine-5'-0-tri (d i) -phosphate (I) , and 8,2'-anhydro-8-oxy-9-(/5-D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine-5'-0-tri (di)-phosphate (II), were prepared chemically as their a-32P-labelled compounds and compared with syn-structured 8-bromo A T (D) P in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation. The experimental findings demonstrate that the heterocycle-ribose orientation affects the carrier mediated adenine nucleotide transport very strongly, anti region is prerequisite for the bound nucleotide nucleotide carrier. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 552 (1978); received March 23/May 3 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
Keywords
| Conform ationally Restricted Adenine Nucleotides, Mitochondria, Adenine Nuclcotide Carrier, Translocation, Transport | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0552.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0552 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
| 100 | Author
| JoachimR. Sommer, NancyR. Wallace, Wilhelm Hasselbach | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| T he Collapse of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Skeletal Muscle | | | | Abstract
| W hen various cations, including Ca2+, are in the fixative, both sarcoplasmic reticulum (S R) of whole skeletal muscle and isolated SR vesicles collapse to form pentalaminate " compound mem branes" that result from the apparent fusion of the lumenal lamellae of the membranous envelope of the SR. The process may be reversed by subsequently soaking the tissue in 1 m NaCl. An identical morphological phenomenon is observed in unfixed quickly frozen isolated frog skeletal muscle fibers, the cation in that case com ing from endogenous sources. The hypothesis is advanced that the collapse is an in vivo process mediated by the sequestration of Ca2+ after contraction. The resulting obliteration of the SR lumen would have the effect of displacing the SR contents into the junctional SR, as w ell as electrically isolating the free SR from the junctional SR during relaxation. As a consequence, resistive coupling between the plasmalemma and the junctional SR becomes a plausible mechanism for the translation of the action potential into Ca2+ release, since the bulk of the SR membrane capacitance would now remain separated from the plasmalemma during relaxation. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 33c, 561 (1978); received June 7 1978 | | | |
Published
| 1978 | | | |
Keywords
| Excitation-Contraction Coupling, Quick-Freeze SR M orphology, SR M orphology Cation Modulation, Isolated SR M orphology, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Skeletal Muscle | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/33/ZNC-1978-33c-0561.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1978-33c-0561 | | | | Volume
| 33 | |
|
