| | 81 | Author
| A. Nna-K, B. Arin, Org-K, RaimondasM. Arlsona, Ozuraitisa | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Phyllonorycter sylvella Moths  | | | | Abstract
| The SPM E (solid phase micro extraction) technique was used in the collection of volatiles released by calling females of the 4 -6 mm long tentiform leafminer moth Phyllonorycter sylvella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). The volatiles released by the calling P. sylvella females were identified by GC-M S as a mixture of Z10-tetradecenyl acetate (9 2 %), £10-tetrad ecen yl acetate (2 %) and Z 8 -tetradecenyl acetate (6 %). The amount of volatiles released by one calling female during three hours and collected on a polydimethylsiloxane fibre, was as large as the amount extracted from the glands of 20 females. The SPM E technique gives the oppor tunity of continuously following the release of behaviour mediated signals from weak scented living organisms. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 599 (1996); received January 26/M arch 7 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| M oth, Calling Behaviour, Z10-Tetradecenyl A cetate, Pheromone, Solid Phase M icro Extraction | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0599.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0599 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 82 | Author
| A. Bellossi3, V. Pouvreau-Quillienb, C. R. O Ch Er3, M. R. Uelloux3 | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Fields on Cholesterol and Tryglyceride Levels in Rats Study of Field Intensity and Length of Exposure | | | | Abstract
| In a previous work a decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels was observed in rats 24 hours after their exposure to a 12 Hz 6 mT pulsed magnetic field (P M F). This time, a study of intensity effects of a 12 Hz PM F for a sixty-minute exposure and of length of exposure for a 12 Hz 6 mT PM F took place. Non-linear effect-dose relationships were ob served for the PM F intensity as well as for the length of exposure used. The highest decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels were obtained after to a sixty-minute exposure with 1.5 mT and 12 mT. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 603 (1996); received M arch 25/M ay 8 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0603.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0603 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 84 | Author
| J. M. Prieto3, M.C R Ecio3, R.M G Iner3, S. M. Áñez3, A. M. Assm Anianb, P.G W Aterm An0, J.L R Íos3, Tuberculatin, DiphyllinAcetyl Apioside | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Topical Anti-Inflammatory Lignans from Haplophyllum hispanicum Haplophyllum hispanicum. Rutaceae. Topical Anti-Inflam matory Activity, Lignans | | | | Abstract
| The present paper reports the results of the methanol extract of Haplophyllum hispanicum Spach on single or repeated local 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPÄ) administration and in the oxazolone-induced contact-delayed hypersensitivity mouse ear edemas. Two topi cal anti-inflammatory aryl naphthalide lignans were isolated from the active fractions of the methanol extract. They were identified by spectroscopic methods, including 13C NMR and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (H M B C), as diphyllin acetyl apioside and tubercu latin. The former was the most active on acute TPA edema with a ID 5 0 of 0.27 |a,mol/ear. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 618 (1996); received April 15/June 12 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0618.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0618 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 86 | Author
| I. Barelm, J.-MM. Eyerb, K. Taraz3, H. Budzikiewicz3 | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia* * | | | | Abstract
| In addition to the known hydroxam ate siderophores ornibactin C6 and C8 a catecholate siderophore named cepaciachelin, l-N -[2-N ',6-N '-di(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-lysyl]-l,4-dia-minobutane, was isolated from a Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia PHP7 culture and its structure elucidated by chemical degradation and spectroscopic methods. This is the first case of a member of the Pseudomonas group which cholate siderophores. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 627 (1996); received June 17/July 3 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia, Cepaciachelin Ornibactin, Catecholate, Siderophore | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0627.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0627 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 87 | Author
| M. Aya, IvM. Itova3, MinchoE. Anchevb, StefanG. Panev3, N. Edjalka, V. H. Andjieva3, Sim Eon, S. Popov3 | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Coumarins and Iridoids from Crucianella graeca, Cruciata glabra, Cruciata laevipes and Cruciata pedemontana (Rubiaceae) | | | | Abstract
| The coumarin and iridoid composition of Crucianella graeca, Cruciata glabra, Cruciata laevipes and Cruciata pedemontana has been studied. Daphnin and daphnetin glucoside do minated in C. glabra along with low concentrations of daphnetin, deacetylasperulosidic acid and scandoside. In C. laevipes and C. pedemontana were found the same coumarin glucosides along with six iridoid glucosides. In Crucianella graeca were found ten iridoid glucosides. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 631 (1996); received May 23/July 8 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Rubiaceae, Crucianella, Cruciata, Coumarins, Iridoids | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0631.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0631 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 88 | Author
| HermanJ W Oerdenbag3, L. R. En Ee, L. U. Tkea, ReinB., JanF. Sa, Stevens3, Ron Hulstb, WimH. Kruizingab, You-Ping Zhuc, ElizabethT E Lem A3, Henk Hendriks3, Wim Van, U. Den3, Niesko Pras3 | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Isolation of Two Cytotoxic Diterpenes from the Fern Pteris multifida | | | | Abstract
| From aerial parts of the fern Pteris multifida Poir. (Polypodiaceae) two diterpenes, ent-kaurane-2ß,16a-diol and e«f-kaur-16-ene-2ß,15a-diol, were isolated by repeated column chromatography using silica gel and silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. The structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Both compounds showed a moderate cytotoxicity to Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 635 (1996); received March 6 /M ay 28 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Pteris multifida, Polypodiaceae, Ferns, £>zf-kaurane Diterpenes, Cytotoxic Activity | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0635.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0635 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 89 | Author
| N. G. Rotjohann | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Regulation of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase Activity of Chlorella by Mole Mass Change | | | | Abstract
| Fast protein liquid chromatography on Superose 6 of partially purified FBPase II from Chlorella reveals a 1350 kDa-form at pH 6.0 and a 67 kDa-form at pH 8.5. Treatment o f the large enzyme form with 5mM concentrations of Mg2+, F1,6P2, DTT or ATP leads to dissoci ation into smaller ones of 2 1 5 -4 7 0 kDa. Aggregation/dissoziation is a reversible process, as has been shown for the effect of F1,6P2 and of pH, by rechromatography. The change in m ole mass results in alterations of the activitiy and of the kinetic properties of the enzyme forms, obtained. Dissociation results in a 4 -6 fold increase in activity, as can be shown for F l,6 P2-treated samples. Halfsaturation constants, as well as the degree o f cooperativity of the 67-and the 1350-kDa form, are different for substrate affinity, activation by Mg2+ and DTT, and for inhibition by ATP. Both enzyme forms hydrolyse fructose 1,6 bisphosphate and seduheptulose 1,7 bis phosphate better than other phosphorylated compounds. The ratio o f F1,6P2-to SDP-cleav-age is 100:58 for the small enzym e form and 100: 84 for the large one. Activation of FBPase II in the light and inactivation in the dark is discussed on the basis of different oligomeric forms of the enzyme, generated by changes in the concentration of intermediates and effectors in the chloroplast stroma, leading to dissociation or aggregation. The conclusion is drawn that oligomerization of key enzymes, resulting in enzyme forms with different activities and different kinetic properties, might provide an effective mechanism for enzyme regulation in vivo. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 639 (1996); received September 14 1995/March 7 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Chlorella, Fructosebisphosphatase, Oligomerization Activation Kinetic Properties | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0639.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0639 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 90 | Author
| BlahoslavM. Aršálek, Renata Rojíčková | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Stress Factors Enhancing Production of Algal Exudates: a Potential Self-Protective Mechanism? | | | | Abstract
| Algae are known to produce extracellular organic substances under optimum conditions and increase their production under stress. The changes in amount and composition of extra cellular carbohydrates and proteins of three green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella kessleri and Raphidocelis subcapitata (known as Selenastrum capricornutum) were studied after a 5-days' cultivation under the influence of different types o f stress factors (osm otic, organic, and heavy metal stressors). NaCl enhanced the quantity of carbohydrates more than proteins. A higher increase o f proteins than carbohydrates was observed after addition of 3,5-dichlorophenol, glyphosate and cadmium chloride to algal cultures. The production of dissolved organic matter differs from species to species, with the age of a culture and the type of stressor. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 646 (1996); received May 28/June 25. 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Algae, Extracellular Products, Proteins, Carbohydrates | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0646.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0646 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 91 | Author
| Werner Meyer, G.Erhard Spiteller | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Increase of Caryophyllene Oxide in Ageing Lemon Balm Leaves (Melissa officinalis L.) -A Consequence of Lipid Peroxidation? | | | | Abstract
| Oxidative processes, especially lipid peroxidation (LPO), are assumed to increase during ageing. In an attempt to provide experimental evidence for this assumption lemon balm plants (Melissa officinalis L.) of different age and location were analyzed for oxidatively caused changes in the etheric oil composition. The investigation revealed that the caryophyl lene oxide (CarO) content of lemon balm plants -a main constituent -depends on two factors: age and habitat. The content of CarO increased with age continuously up to a factor of 3. Poor nutritive conditions, as growth on unfertilized soil, also caused an increase in CarO content. Addition of Fe2+/ascorbate -enhancing oxidative processes -promoted the formation of CarO. Hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty acids (L O O H s) in the lipid extract of lemon balm leaves were converted to corresponding hydroxy acids (LO H s) by sodium borohydride re duction. These were hydrogenated and subjected to GC/MS analysis after derivatisation. A surplus of 9-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid over the 13 isomer indicated at least in part enzymatic lipid peroxidation. Polarographie determination o f the oxygen consumption revealed a gen erally low but in ageing plants increased lipoxygenase activity. This indicates a contribution of lipid peroxidation in the epoxidation process of caryophyllene. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 651 (1996); received May 17/June 12 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Melissa officinalis, Lemon Balm, Caryophyllene Oxide, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipoxygenase Activity, Ageing | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0651.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0651 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 92 | Author
| Gerold Reila, RalfG. Ünter Bergerh | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Accumulation of Chlorophyll and Essential Oils in Photomixotrophic Cell Cultures of Citrus sp | | | | Abstract
| Heterotrophically or photomixotrophically initiated callus cultures o f Citrus paradisi, C. limon and C.aurantifolia were grown on different nutrient media and under different light regimes. Calli of C.paradisi that contained > 1 4 0 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight accumu lated about 40 volatile mono-and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxigenated terpenes and ali phatic aldehydes. Upon five subcultivations the best yielding callus contained about 5% (186 mg x k g 1 wet wt) of the volatiles found in peel tissue (exo/m esocarp section), and about the twentyfold amount of that found in the fleshy endocarp. The com position of the essential oils from most of the cell cultures equalled grapefruit peel oil, but was shifted to a more fruit flesh-like composition, after the concentration of gellan gum in the medium was increased from 3 to 9 g per L. C. limon produced 11 m onoterpenes and n-nonanal (40 mg x kg"1 wet wt max.), and C.aurantifolia yielded limonene only (4.4 mg x kg'1 wet wt max.). For all of the indicated species chlorophyll content and accumulation of volatiles were positively corre lated. Addition of exogenous valencene to suspended cells of C.paradisi led to a stable con centration of the conversion product nootkatone. This stably maintained level suggested that a decreased catabolism of available carbon sources might have accounted for the significant accumulation of essential oil constituents. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 657—6 (1996); received March 12/June 18 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Citrus, Cell Culture, Photomixotrophy, Oligoprenoids, Limonene | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0657.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0657 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 93 | Author
| Koshi Saito, Yoshifumi Utsumi | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Enhancing Effect of UV-Light on the Accumulation of Carthamine in Dyer's Saffron Florets | | | | Abstract
| Dyer's Saffron (Carthamus tinctorius), Carthamine Accumulation. UV-Light, Enhancing Effect UV-C (254 nm)-and U V-B (2 8 0 -3 2 0 nm)-light were irradiated onto bright-yellow capitula of dyer's saffron and their effects on carthamine accumulation compared. UV-C light pro m otes reddening of florets more prominently than UV-B light, yielding higher amounts of carthamine after the radiation process. The enhancement of carthamine synthesis by UV-C light was investigated on cellulose columns loaded with floret extracts under 0 2-sufficient or 0 2-deficient conditions. Externally charged 0 2 inhibits the UV-C-stimulated carthamine formation. The results are discussed in relation to light stimulation of carthamine synthesis in dyer's saffron florets. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 667—6 (1996); received March ll/Ju n e 6 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0667.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0667 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 95 | Author
| Klaus Schiwinsky3, WolfgangG. Rosseb, Dietrich Woermann3- | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Convective Gas Flow in Plant Aeration and Graham's Law of Diffusion | | | | Abstract
| D edicated to Professor L udw ig Bergmann (K öln) on the occasion o f his 70th birthday Plant Aeration, Convective Gas Flow, N ym phaea alba L., Leaves, Graham's Law of diffusion Experiments with porous ceramic membranes and leaves of N ymphaea alba L. are d e scribed which demonstrate that the counter diffusion of gaseous components of different molar mass governed by Graham's law o f diffusion (not to be confused with Graham's law of effusion) has to be taken into account to understand the exchange processes of gases between leaves of aquatic and amphibic plants and the outer atmosphere. The experiments are carried out under conditions under which the ratio of the maximum pore size r of the ceramic material to the mean free path length A . of the m olecules in air has a value o f the order of XIr ~ 1. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 681 (1996); received April 18/June 26 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0681.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0681 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 96 | Author
| G. H. Schmida, A. R. Adunz3, K.P B Ader3, B. Myśliwa-Kurdzielb, K. Strzał, J. Krukb | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Action of an Antiserum to a-Tocoquinone on Photosystem II-Particle Preparations of N icotiana tabacum | | | | Abstract
| An antiserum to a-tocoquinone was prepared by immunization of rabbits. Immunization was obtained by injection of a conjugate consisting of the hapten a-tocoquinone attached to methylated ovalbumin into the rabbit. The antiserum recognizes the 3,4-dimethyl-p-benzo-quinone group of the m olecule as well as part of the immediate vicinity to the side chain. This is concluded from the fact that the antibody has som e affinity also to plastoquinone. No reaction of the antibody is observed with a-tocopherol hydroquinone or a-tocopherol. Reac tion of the antiserum to a-tocoquinone with photosystem Il-particle preparations from to bacco affects the functionality of the preparation. Chlorophylla-fluorescence emission is quenched without an alteration of the em ission spectrum. Concomitant with this fluorescence quenching, the lifetime of two fluorescence com ponents namely that of a fast and a slower component are shortened. By analogy with the literature the fast component is associated with chlorophylla of the reaction center core and that of the slow com ponent with the antenna system in which the lifetime parameter is shortened by the antibody from 3.42 ns to 1.795 ns. The action on the fast component is less and leads to a shortening of the lifetime parame ter from 0.373 ns to only 0.249 ns. The effect is interpreted in terms of an enhancement of linear photosynthetic electron transport possibly due to an inhibition of the cyclic electron transport around PS II, discovered by Gruszecki et al. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 691—6 (1996); received May 14/July 17 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Antiserum, a-Tocoquinone, Photosystem II, Fluorescence Lifetime, Nicotiana tabacum | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0691.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0691 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 97 | Author
| D. Onald, E. M. O Relan D, T. Hom, J. Fleischm, FrederickT C Orbina, JanisE M Cfarlandb | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Differential Metabolism of the Sulfonylurea Herbicide Prosulfuron (CGA-152005) by Plant Microsomes | | | | Abstract
| Microsomes isolated from excised shoots of 3-day-old. dark grown, grain sorghum [Sor ghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Funk G522DR and DK 41Y] and corn seedlings [Zea mays (L.), Pioneer 3245] metabolized the sulfonylurea herbicide prosulfuron (CGA-152005). Corn microsomes predominantly formed a single major metabolite that resulted from hydroxyla-tion of the phenyl ring at the C5 position. However, sorghum microsomes formed two major metabolites in an approximate 1:1 ratio. One was the 5-hydroxyphenyl metabolite, whereas the second metabolite resulted from ö-demethylation at C4 of the triazine ring. Metabolite identity was established by mass spectrometry and co-chromatography with authentic stan dards. Metabolism in both corn and sorghum was greatly enhanced by pretreatment of the seed with naphthalic anhydride and by subirrigation with 2.5% ethanol 24 h prior to harvest. Metabolism required a reduced pyridine nucleotide and was affected by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitors (carbon monoxide, tetcyclacis, piperonyl butoxide, 1 amino-benzotriazole, and SKF-525A). The inhibitors differentially affected metabolism of prosul furon. Microsomal oxidations from both untreated and inducer-treated tissue responded simi larly to the inhibitors. In exploratory studies, microsomes isolated from shoots of wheat [Triticum aestivum L., Pioneer 2548], barley [Hordeum vulgare L., Boone], oats [Avena sativa L., Southern States 76-30-P242] and rice [Oryza sativa L" Gulfmont], and room ripened avocado [Persea americana, Mill., Hass] mesocarp tissue also primarily formed the 5-hydroxy-phenyl metabolite. Titration of seven different avocado microsomal preparations with prosul furon provided typical type I difference spectra from which an average binding constant (/Cs) of 187 ± 35 [.im was obtained. Abbreviations: 1-ABT, 1-aminobenzotriazole; alachlor, 2-chloro-.'V-(2.6diethylphenyl)-/V-(methoxymethyl)acet-amide; ALS, acetolactate synthase; CG A 24704, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-/V-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acet-amide; CGA-150829. 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine; CGA-152005, prosulfuron, N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)benzenesulfonamide; CGA -l59902, 2-(3,3,3-tri-fluoropropyl)benzenesulfonamide; CGA-300406, 0-desmethyl prosulfuron, N[[(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)benzenesulfonamide; CGA-300408, 5-hydroxy prosulfuron, N-[[(4me-thoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyI)-5-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide; chlorsul-furon, l-(2-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3.5-triazin-2-yl)urea; pCMA, /?-chloro-./V-methylaniline: DMA, /V,/V-dimethylaniline; DMSO. dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT, dithiothreitol; G6P. glucose-6-phosphate; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; LC/ESI/MS. liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization/mass spectrome try; metolachlor, 2-chloro-/V-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-/V-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide; NA. 1,8-naphthalic anhydride; nicosulfuron, 2-[[(4.6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-./V,/V-dimethyl-3-pyridinec-arboxamide; PBO. piperonyl butoxide; primisulfuron. 2-[[[[[4.6-bis(difluoromethoxy)-2pyrimidinyl]amino]carbony-l]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid: PVPP. polyvinylpolypyrrolidone; SKF-525A. 2-(diethylamino)ethyl-2.2-diphenylpen-tanoate; tetcyclacis, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4.5.9,10-pentaazatetracyclo[5.4.102-6,0811] dodeca-3.9-diene; TLC. thin layer chromatography: triasulfuron, l-(2-chloroethoxyphenylsulfonyl)-3-(6-methoxy-4-methyl-l,3.5-triazin-2-yl)urea. Reprint requests to Dr. D. E. Moreland. Telefax: (001) 919-515-7959. 0939-5075/96/0900-0698 $ 06.00 © 1996 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. All rights reserved. D D. E. Moreland et al. ■ M etabolism of Prosulfuron by Plant Microsomes 699 | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 698—710 (1996); received May 14/June 17 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Microsomes, Prosulfuron, Cytochrome P450, Mixed Function Oxidases, Herbicide Metabolism | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0698.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0698 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 99 | Author
| KlausP B Ad Er, Judith Schüler | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Inhibition of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport by Pyrethroid Insecticides in Cell Cultures and Thylakoid Suspensions from Higher Plants | | | | Abstract
| Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides with different molecular structures have been investigated with respect to their effect on photosynthetic electron transport reactions in chloroplast sus pensions and cell cultures from higher plants. The fluorescence induction curves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves and tomato cells were substantially affected by permethrin and cypermethrin resulting in a strong increase of the maximum fluorescence. Application of different concentrations (0.3-1.2 m M) of the respective chemical abolishes virtually any ki netics of the normal Kautsky effect. Oxygen evolution from cell cultures from tomato (Ly-copersicon peruvianum) was completely inhibited by cypermethrin. Analysis of partial reac tions of the photosynthetic electron transport showed that both a methylviologen-mediated Mehler reaction and a ferricyanide-driven Hill reaction were quantitatively inhibited by e.g. fenvalerate. On the other hand, neither a silicomolybdate-driven Hill reaction nor a methylvi-ologen-driven Mehler reaction using dichlorophenol indophenol/ascorbate as electron donors could be inhibited by the pyrethroid. The analyses suggest that pyrethroid insecticides in terfere with the photosynthetic electron transport at the same site as urea-type herbicides do. Depending on the molecular structure and on the halogen compound in the molecule, however, different pyrethroids are more or less phytotoxic to the investigated photosynthetic membranes -cypermethrin with two Cl-substituents requires much higher concentrations to be applied for significant inhibition of the electron transport reactions than the Br-derivative deltamethrin does. Moreover, qualitative differences have to be taken into account. In the case of fenvalerate the effect seems to exist in a type of all-or-nothing reaction when the reaction centres are inhibited by the pyrethroid. None of the S-states nor the transition probabilities are specifically influenced by increasing concentrations of fenvalerate. In the case of deltamethrin, however, it was found that the overreduced state S_i is significantly increased at the expense of both Si and S(). Moreover, the miss parameter a is increased in the case of deltamethrin addition. The results and the significance of different substituents for the investigated pyrethroids are discussed. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 721—728 (1996); received April 25/June 20 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Photosynthesis, Electron Transport, Oxygen Evolution, Pyrethroid Insecticide, Cell Culture | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0721.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0721 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
| 100 | Author
| B. Eatrice, K. Rekeler, R. Olf, B. Eiderbeck | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Aseptic Dual Culture of the Aphid Chaitophorus salijaponicus with Different Tissues of Salix Hosts | | | | Abstract
| The apterous generation of the viviparous aphid Chaitophorus salijaponicus was propa gated aseptically on in vitro cultures of host shoots for more than 34 passages and 17 months. On the best suited host (Salix alba) a single nymph yielded a colony of 126.3 ± 24.4 individ uals within 4 weeks. Other tissues than normal host shoots (callus, root cultures, fasciated shoots) did not support aphid propagation. Aphid colony development accelerated the senes cence of host shoots and severely inhibited the development of adventitious root systems. The aspects of insect surface sterility, aphid colony development and its influence on the host are discussed. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 729—734 (1996); received April 19/June 24 1996 | | | |
Published
| 1996 | | | |
Keywords
| Salix alba, Chaitophorus salijaponicus, Dual Culture, Aphid Propagation, Plant Growth | | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0729.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0729 | | | | Volume
| 51 | |
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