| 101 | Author
| V. B. Ankova3, N. N. Ikolova3, M. M. Arcuccib | Requires cookie* | | Title
| A New Lignan from Brazilian Propolis  | | | Abstract
| The known flavonoid kaempferid 4 and a new benzofurane lignan 1 were isolated from Brazilian propolis. The new lignan is a suitable taxonomic marker and gives new possibilities for identification of propolis plant sources in the tropical regions. In tro d u ctio n | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 735—737 (1996); received June 13/June 26 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| Propolis, Lignans, Flavonoids | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0735.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0735 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
102 | Author
| K. Azuyoshi Kawazu, ShigehikoO. Hm, ShiH. Iroshi, Kanzaki, A. Kio Kobayashi | Requires cookie* | | Title
| A Stable Crude Chitinase Solution from Spodoptera litura Pupae and A Search for Its Inhibitors  | | | Abstract
| Chitinase Inhibitory Assay, Screening. Loculoascomycete Metabolites A convenient method for preparing a stable chitinase solution from a pest insect. Spodopt era litura, and a bioassay method for insect chitinase inhibitors using this enzyme solution were developed. Allosamidin, the first insect chitinase inhibitor, exhibited an IC50 of 0.2 [.im in the present Spodoptera litura chitinase assay, whereas allosamidin was reported to exhibit an IC,,) of 0.7 [ i m in the Bombyx mori chitinase assay. Thus, the present assay using Spodopt era litura chitinase was 3.5-fold more sensitive than the B. mori chitinase assay. Screening of 300 supernatants of microbial cultures for chitinase inhibitors using the Spodoptera litura chitinase assay found 13 active supernatants. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 738—742 (1996); received June 3/June 28. 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0738.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0738 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
103 | Author
| Jürg En, Jacob, G. Ottfried, R. Aab | Requires cookie* | | Title
| 2,3-Dihydroxy Fatty Acids-Containing Waxes in Storks (C iconiidae)  | | | Abstract
| Uropygial gland secretions from five out of a total of seven species forming the genus Ciconia (family Ciconiidae; order Ciconiiformes) were found to consist of mixtures of monoester waxes, diester waxes, triester waxes, and triglycerides. Monoester waxes were com posed of unbranched fatty acids and alcohols, whereas diester waxes derived from both 2-and 3-hydroxy fatty acids esterified with unbranched alcohols and fatty acids. Interestingly, triester waxes were also found deriving from either 2-hydroxy alkylmalonic acids or from erythro-2,3-dihydroxy fatty acids the latter of which have not yet been found in vertebrates so far. To compare the typical mass spectrometric fragmentation of this class of compounds eryr/?/-o-2,3-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid has been synthesized. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 743—749 (1996); received June 7/July 1 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| 2, 3-Dihydroxy Fatty Acids, Uropygial Gland Secretion, Triester Waxes, Ciconiiform Birds | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0743.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0743 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
104 | Author
| FcoA. Javier, Rria, E. Ckhard, W. Ollenw Eberc | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Three Further Dammarane Type Triterpenes from the Frond Exudate of the Fern Notholaena rigida  | | | Abstract
| From the farinose frond exudate of the fern Notho laena rigida two new triterpenes have been identified. They were found to be the C-24 epimers of 3ß-acetoxy-24, 25-diO-isopropylidene-12ß, 20(S),24,25-tetrahy-droxy-dammarane. A third triterpene is identical with the known compound pyxinol, (20S,24R)-20.24-epoxy-dammarane-3ß,12ß,25-triol. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 750—752 (1996); received July 4 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| Notholaena rigida, Pteridaceae, Farinose Frond Exudate, Novel Triterpenes, Dammarane Derivatives | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0750_n.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0750_n | | | Volume
| 51 | |
105 | Author
| MdK. Horshed, A. Lam, ShuheiN. Ak, Ajim Ab, N. Aom, IchiB. Abab | Requires cookie* | | Title
| The Effect of Antioxidants on the Decomposition of Methyl 13-Hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate Antioxidant, Ascorbic Acid, 13-Hydroperoxyoctadeca- dienoic Acid Methyl Ester, Decomposition of 13-Hydro- peroxyoctadecadienoic Acid Methyl Ester  | | | Abstract
| Phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyto-luene, a-tocopherol, eugenol, isoeugenol, sesamol and quercetin effectively prevented thermal decomposition of methyl 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate in metha nolic solutions. Ascorbic acid, however, was found to promote the decomposition and the acidic nature of the vitamin was suggested to be involved in the mechanism. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 753—756 (1996); received April 15/June 17 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0753_n.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0753_n | | | Volume
| 51 | |
107 | Author
| G. Erh Ard Starnecker | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Occurrence of a Pupal Melanization Reducing Factor in Different Insects  | | | Abstract
| N eurohorm one, C olor A daptatio n , Polyphenism , Interspecific Effects, Insects A pupal m elanization reducing factor (P M R F) co n trols incorporation of pigm ents into the cuticle of pupae of the nym phalid butterfly, Inachis io, to a d ap t th eir col o ration to the background colors of th e ir p u p atio n sites. In the present paper, we rep o rt on th e presence of P M R F in the central nervous system (C N S) of fu rth er butterfly species which exhibit a pupal m orphological color adaptation. Interestingly, two b u tterfly species which do not show such an ad ap tatio n , and even two m oth species which pu p ate in cocoons also contained P M R F in their CNS. The ganglionic extracts of non-lepi-do p teran species did not show a PM R F activity. The oc currence of PM R F (or PM R F-like m olecules), therefore, may be restricted to the lepidopteran o rd er. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 759 (1996); received June 17/July 8 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0759_n.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0759_n | | | Volume
| 51 | |
109 | Author
| R. M. Ichalke, K. Taraz, H. Budzikiewiez | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Azoverdin -an Isopyoverdin  | | | Abstract
| rganische C hem ie d er U niversität zu Köln, G rein straß e 4, 50939 K öln, B undesrep u b lik D eutschland Z. N aturforsch. 51c, 7 7 2 -7 8 0 (1996); received July 22, 1996 A zoverdin. A zo m o n a s m acrocytogenes, Isopyoverdin, S iderophore For azoverdin. the sid ero p h o re of A zo m o n a s m acrocytogenes A TC C 12334, a pyoverdin-type structu re has been suggested. We now present evidence th at it is actually an isopyover din. A lso the sequence o f the p ep tid e chain has to be revised. A zoverdin com prises, th e re fore, the ch ro m o p h o re (3S)-5-am ino-l,2-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-3H -pyrim ido[l,2a]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid w hose am ino group is bound to a succinam ide residue while the carboxyl group is attach ed to the N -term inus of L -H se-[2-(/?-l-am ino-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrim idine-65-carboxylic acid]-N ?-acetyl-N ',-hydroxy-D-Orn-D-Ser-N:'-acetyl-N 5-hydroxy-L-O rn. In addition to azoverdin congeners with succinic acid (azoverdin A) and with l -G1u (azoverdin G), resp., instead of the succinam ide side chain could be isolated. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 772 (1996) | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0772.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0772 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
110 | Author
| H. Ans, D. Ietm, Z. Insm Eister, JudithW. Eyand, A.Riane Voigt, Tassilo Seeger, H. Ans, G. Eiger | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Bi-and Triflavonoids of Representative Moss Species from Six Different Families  | | | Abstract
| The identity of the bi-and triflavonoids of six moss species from six different fam ilies has been proved by N M R . The individual flavonoids are: 3 ', 3"'-binaringenin, 5 ', 3"'-dihydroxy-am entoflavone, 5 ', 3"'-dihydroxyrobustaflavone, cam pylopusaurone, aulacom nium triluteolin, philonotisflavone, dicranolom in, and 2, 3-dihydrodicranolom in. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 781—7 (1996); received July 4/ | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| Mosses, Musci, Biflavonoids, Triflavone | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0781.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0781 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
111 | Author
| Jaroslav | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Structural Study of Flavonoids and Their Protonated Forms  | | | Abstract
| Tó th a. M ilan R em kob and M ilan N agya a D ep artm en t of Pharm acognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharm acy, C om enius University. SK-832 32 Bratislava. Slovak R epublic b D ep artm en t of Pharm aceutical Chemistry. Flavonoids. S tructure. P roton Affinity. PM3. A M I The highly successful sem iem pirical quantum chem ical m eth o d s A M I (A ustin M odel 1) and PM3 (a rep aram etrizatio n of A M I) w ere applied to an investigation of the conform a tional p ro p erties of flavone, 3 -h y d r o x y fla v o n e , isoflavone and 2-hydroxyisoflavone. The most stable structures correspond to the non -plan ar form s with an angle of phenyl ring rotation out of the chrom one m oiety from a relatively narro w interval (28° -38°). The m ono-and dipro to n atio n of these com pounds was also investigated. The p ro m in en t site of p ro to n atio n is the oxygen of the carbonyl group with a p ro to n a tio n en th alp y from the interval of about 9 0 0 -9 2 0 kJ.m ol'1. The p ro to n atio n enthalpy for p ro to n atio n of th e eth er oxygen was com puted to be about 200 kJ.mol"1 lower. A dding a second p ro to n to m o n o p ro to n ated species studied resulted in much low er p ro to n atio n en th alp ies com p ared to m onopro to n atio n . The geom etry of the studied com pounds upon p ro to n a tio n changed considerably. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 784—7 (1996); received June 19/August 8. 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0784.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0784 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
114 | Author
| Z. | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Localization of Benzoxazinones that Occur Constitutively in Wheat Seedlings  | | | Abstract
| 8/A ugust 12, 1996 B enzoxazinones, Ferric C hloride Staining, G ram ineae, W heat Seedlings O ccurrence and localization of novel antim icrobial and antifeeding com pounds in w heat, 2,4-dihydroxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-one (D IB O A) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-m ethoxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-one (D IM B O A), and th eir glucosides, w ere exam ined by staining w heat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) in the juvenile stage of grow th by ferric chloride. The m ethanol extracts of the stained plant tissues gave a ch aracteristic blue color, which was shown by spectroscopic and chrom atographic analyses to be exclusively due to benzoxazinones. W hen ferric chloride was applied to the ro o t in the seedlings, the blue color im m ediately developed, the staining being strongest at the tip region and becom ing lighter tow ards the basal part. The staining p attern of the radicle in the pre-em erging seed was sim ilar to th a t in the root, but the coleorhiza was not stained. L ittle staining was observ ed in the epiderm al layer of the leaf sheath in the shoot but the underlying tissue was stained strongly. TTie foliage leaf folded in the sheath was also stained, but less intense th an the sh eath tissue. It is suggested that the D IB O A and D IM B O A are pro duced w ithin the stained region of the leaf and root. T ogether with previous findings that the benzoxazinones a p p ea r constitutively in w heat during the juvenile stage of grow th, their localized occurrence in the tissues exposed to m icrobial and insect attacks suggests th at they act as defense com pounds during this vulnerable plan t stage. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 807 (1996); received July | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0807.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0807 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
116 | Author
| HiroshiH. Iranoa, Masaaki Sakutab, Atsushi Komaminec | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Inhibition of Betacyanin Accumulation by Abscisic Acid in Suspension Cultures of Phytolacca americana  | | | Abstract
| Abscisic Acid, Betacyanin. Phytolacca americana. Suspension Culture, Tyrosine Growth o f cells and the accumulation of betacyanin were suppressed by the addition of abscisic acid (A B A) to suspension cultures of Phytolacca americana. The decrease in the accumulation of betacyanin was overcome by exogenously supplied tyrosine which is a pre cursor of betacyanin. A BA decreased the level of free tyrosine in the cells. Feeding experi ments using labeled tyrosine revealed that A BA reduced the incorporation of labeled tyro sine into betacyanins (to about 50% of the control rate). These results suggest that both the availability of tyrosine and the biosynthetic activity of the pathway from tyrosine to the betacyanins are involved in the inhibition o f the accumulation of betacyanins by A B A in Phytolacca americana cells. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 818 (1996); received May 17/July 12 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0818.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0818 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
117 | Author
| K. Burda, P. He, K. P. Bader, G. H. Schmid | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Temperature Dependence of the 0 2-Oscillation Pattern in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea and in Chlorella kessleri  | | | Abstract
| Five characteristic discontinuities of the pattern of oxygen evolution have been detected for the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea in the temperature range of 0°C to 30°C. The temperatures at which these discontinuities occur are: ~ 5°C, ~ 11°C, ~ 15°C, ~ 21°C and ~ 25°C. The calculated initial 5-S state distribution, the miss parameter and the fraction of the fast transition S3 —> S0 + 0 2 are affected. The discontinuities are observed at the same transition temperature also for Chlorella kessleri hence are not specific for the cyanobacterium. Based on these studies it is concluded that the not vanishing oxygen signal under the first flash of a flash train in Oscillatoria cannot have its origin in interactions between oxygen-evolving complexes. A decrease of temperature should slow down the ex pected charge exchanges, improve the oscillations, thus reduce or lower the first two oxygen amplitudes of the oscillatoria pattern. Lowering of the temperautres improves the oscillations but does not lower the first 0 2 signal of the pattern. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 823 (1996); received June 14/ | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| 0 2-Oscillation Pattern, Charge Exchange, Temperature D ependence, Filamentous Cyanobacterium | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0823.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0823 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
118 | Author
| P. He, A. Radunz, K. P. Bader, G. H. Schmid | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Quantitative Changes of the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Leaves of Aleurites montana as a Consequence of Growth under 700 ppm C 0 2 in the Atmosphere  | | | Abstract
| Leaf lipids of Aleurites plants that were cultivated for 5 months in air containing 700 ppm C 0 2, were compared to those of control plants cultivated at 350 ppm C 0 2. The content of ether soluble lipids referred to dry matter is the same in C 0 2-and control plants. The com parison of lipids analyzed as the pigments chlorophyll and carotenoids, phospholipids and glycolipids shows that the ratio of phospholipids and glycolipids is slightly shifted in favor of phospholipids in C 0 2-plants. Thus, within the group o f phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol occur in higher concentrations in CÖ2-plants. Although the differences in the lipid content appear moderate in C 0 2-and control plants, it is the saturation degree of fatty acids that differs substantially. The fatty acids of C 0 2-plants contain according to the higher phospholipid content approx. 5% more saturated fatty acids. Stearic acid is three-fold increased. W hereas in the phospholipid fraction saturated fatty acids comprise one half of all fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids make up for 80 to 90% in the glycolipid fraction. In C 0 2-plants not only in the phospholipid fraction but also in the glycolipid fraction saturated fatty acids occur in a higher portion. This means that not only in the cell membrane of C 0 2-plants but also in the thylakoid membrane the fluidity is decreased. Also in the wax-fraction long-chained carbonic acids with 2 0 -2 6 carbon atoms occur. A s the portion of these carbonic acids is twice as high in C 0 2-plants, it is concluded that a stronger formation of the wax layers exists in C 0 2-plants. By means of Western blotting and by the use of lipid and carotenoid antisera the binding of lipids onto proteins of photosystem II and photosystem I was analyzed. It is seen that besides the major amount of lipids which build up the thylakoid membrane, som e lipids are also bound to membrane peptides. Whereas monogalactolipid is bound to the LHCP-com-plex peptides, to the O E C r peptide and the 43 and 47 kDa chlorophyll binding peptides, the anionic lipids sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride and phosphatidylglycerol and digalactolipid are bound to the core peptides of PS II and PS I. ß-carotene and the xanthophylls were found to be bound to the core peptides and ß-carotene and violaxanthin were also bound to the light-harvesting pigment complex. A bbreviations: PS I, photosystem I; PS II, photosystem II; LHCP, light harvesting pigment protein complex; M GDG, monogalactosyldiglyceride; D G D G , digalacto-syldiglyceride; O E Q , oxygen evolution complex peptide (33 kDa); PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Tris-HCl, tris[hydroxymethyl]amino-methane; SDS, so dium dodecylsulfate, EDTA, ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid; DTT, dithiothreitol; BPB, bromophenol blue (3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromphenolsulfone phthalein); Tricine, (N-tris[Hydroxymethyl]methylglycine). | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 833—8 (1996); received October 2/October 29 1996 | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| Aleurites montana, Leaf Lipids, Glycolipids, Phospholipids, Chlorophyll | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0833.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0833 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
119 | Author
| Yasunobu Sakoda3, KenjiM. Atsui3, YoshihikoA. Kakabe3, Jun Suzukib, AkikazuH. Atanakac, Tadahiko Kajiwara3 | Requires cookie* | | Title
| Chemical Structure-Odor Correlation in Series of Synthetic Methylene Interrupted n-Nonadien-l-ols  | | | Abstract
| Chemical structure-odor correlations in the isomers of «-Cq-methylene interrupted dienols were explored using synthetic nine isomers of these alcohols. The synthetic dienols were purified by recrystallization or column chromatography of their 3,5-dinitrobenzoate de rivatives. Chemical structure-odor correlations in all the isomers of the purified «-nonadien-l-ols were analyzed by treating the data obtained statistically with the principal com ponent analy sis method (Sakoda et al., 1995; Cramer et al., 1988) in comparison with those of « -n on en -l-ols. The odor profiles of the /7-nonadien-l-ols were attributable largely to the geom etries of the isomers, compared with «-n on en -l-ols (Sakoda et al., 1995). With the principal com ponent analysis, the odor profiles of the series of the dienols were successfully integrated into the first and the second principal components. The first component (PC 1) consisted of combined char acteristics of fruity, fresh, sw eet, herbal and oily-fatty, and the second com ponent (PC 2) leaf or grassy and vegetable-like. O f the methylene interrupted dienol isomers, (2E ,6Z)-and (3Z,6Z)-nonadien-l-ols which are natural products and have (6Z) in the same, deviated markedly from the other isomers as seen in (6Z)-n on en -l-ol of n-nonen-l-ols. That suggests that the double bond of (oo3Z) was an important factor for natural characteristic odor. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 841 (1996) | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| Structure-Odor R elation, Synthesis, Nonadienols, Principal Component Analysis | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0841.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0841 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
120 | Author
| HansJürgen Bestm, KlausH. Aberkorn3, O. Tto Vostrowsky3, Roman Ferstlb, Frank Eggertb | Requires cookie* | | Title
| GC Profiles of Volatile Constituents from Human Urine Obtained by Closed Loop Stripping, Purge and Trap Technique and Simultaneous Steam Distillation-Extraction  | | | Abstract
| Different techniques like "closed loop stripping" [CLSA], "purge and trap" [PTI], and continous steam distillation extraction [SDE] were used to establish GC profiles of major histocompatibility com plex-associated volatile constituents of human urine and statistically evaluated for reliability. O f the three methods investigated, PTI appeared to be superior for the detection of very volatile substances, whereas SDE was the most efficient one with re spect to yield. A number o f short to medium-chain ketones, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-styrene, menthol and nicotine were identified in preliminary analyses. | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 51c, 849—8 (1996); received May 8/ | | |
Published
| 1996 | | |
Keywords
| Closed Loop Stripping, Purge and Trap, Simultaneous Steam Distillation-Extraction, GC Profiles, Human Urine | | |
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| default:Reihe_C/51/ZNC-1996-51c-0849.pdf | | | Identifier
| ZNC-1996-51c-0849 | | | Volume
| 51 | |
|