| | 1 | Author
| A. Grauel | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| To the Mathematical Concept of Thermostatics  | | | | Abstract
| We discuss the integrated form of the laws of thermostatics by using Stokes theorem on mani-folds. We give a new insight to the basic properties of thermostatics, in particular we show that only the second law is a necessary condition to identify the integrating factor with the tempera-ture. Moreover we consider the thermodynamical field equations for discontinuous media and discuss the properties of thermostatics. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 1 (1982); received December 1 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0001.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0001 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 3 | Author
| R. Stoll, F. W. Röllgen | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Cationization by Alkali Ion Attachment in Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry | | | | Abstract
| The formation of quasimolecular ions by alkali ion attachment in laser desorption mass spec-trometry has been investigated by using a CW CO2 laser. For molecules such as sucrose the desorption of preformed ions could be excluded. Evidence is presented for the ionization by alkali ion attachment in the gas phase. Quasimolecular ions of organic salts were found to result from cationization reactions in the gas phase and from surface reactions. Very fast cation exchange reactions have been discovered for salts and acids impinging on alkali ion emitting surfaces. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 9—14 (1982); received November 17 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0009.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0009 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 4 | Author
| D. J. Dupree, Kirby, W. Freyland | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| R | | | | Abstract
| 133 Cs nuclear magnetic resonance has been studied in the solid compound semiconductor CsßSb between room temperature and the melting point. From the magnitude of the chemical sbift (620±25ppm at 300 K) and the quadrupolar coupling constant {e 2 qQ/h = 105 + 3 kHz) we conclude that predominantly ionic bonding does not occur in this semiconductor. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 15—17 (1982); received December 12 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| | | | | TEI-XML for
| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0015.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0015 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 5 | Author
| B. Jost, B. Schueler, F. R. Krueger | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Ion Formation from Alkali Halide Solids by High Power Pulsed Laser Irradiation | | | | Abstract
| Ion formation from alkali halide solids caused by the irradiation of high power (some 10 8 W/ cm 2) pulsed lasers is investigated by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LAMMA®). It is shown that the ions are formed directly from the solid state, several uppermost atomic layers being involved; gas phase interactions are negligible. The ion formation rates, however, are in-compatible with the assumption of a quasiequilibrium phase transition, but should be explained in terms of non-adiabatic rate processes discussed in some detail. The light absorption of the transparent halide crystals is assumed to be initiated by multiphoton absorption — free electron production; the further energy transfer being maintained by rapid polaron-Joule-heating. The data are compatible with this model. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 18—27 (1982); received November 23 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0018.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0018 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 6 | Author
| Peter Karadakov, Obis Castaño | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| A PPP-investigation of Structural Isomerism in Infinite Polyenes | | | | Abstract
| It is shown on the grounds of a semiempirical PPP-treatment that for the equidistant eis-trans infinite polyene two types of Hartree-Fock solutions are possible-one yielding a cis-transoid and the other a <rans-cisoid distribution of nearest-neighbour bond-orders. Relaxing the nuclear framework according to bond-order magnitudes for the bond-alternation wave (BAW) in the equidistant aM-trans polyene, resp. for the two solutions for the equidistant cis-trans polyene mentioned above and using repeatedly the Coulson-Golebiewski formula, realistic self-consistent values of bond lengths have been obtained. The calculated energy differences between the in-vestigated isomers are small, predicting almost equal probabilities. The expressions for the PPP-wavefunctions are presented in analytical form suitable for further applications. Long-range Coulomb interactions have been accounted for up to convergence of the groundstate energies. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 28—32 (1982); received October 8 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0028.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0028 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 7 | Author
| J. J. Kozak, 0. E. Rössler | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Weak Mixing in a Quantum System | | | | Abstract
| An analytical solution to the Wigner-Weisskopf problem (an excited two-level atom in inter-action with a radiation field), obtained for both finite-and infinite-length boxes, is re-examined in terms of the qualitative behavior implied. As the equations and the plots of the solutions show, there is a major difference between the behavior of the finite system (with discrete spec-trum) and that obtaining in the large-system limit. In the first case, a pulse-shaped wave "travels down the line" and comes back (and is sent off again) many times, completely "losing its shape" in the process (and subsequently re-gaining it on a much longer time scale infinitely often, due to the presence of a Poincare recurrence). In the large-system limit, on the other hand, a delta-impulse-like wave travels down the line only once (in finite time), and there is also no loss of shape upon its return after infinite time. Thus, there is no longer any even temporary "smearing out" of the initially sharply localized energy, and hence no "mixing" in the intuitive sense of the word. Nonetheless a dense spectrum is found (similarly as in the distribution theoretical case of an isolated delta-impulse in an infinite domain), and hence weak mixing in the sense of Lebowitz. The contradiction can be resolved at the expense of having to abandon some symmetry: by assuming the atom adjacent to two cavities of incommensurate lengths. Then the infinite system limit is unchanged (no return in finite time), but the transition is characterized by intuitive mixing of increasing effectiveness. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 33—38 (1982); received October 22 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0033.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0033 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 8 | Author
| V. Hlavacek, R. Janssen, P. Van Rompay | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Imperfect Bifurcations and Spatial Structures in Dissipative Systems | | | | Abstract
| One-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations associated with the trimolecular model of Prigogine and Lefever ("Brusselator") are analyzed. A physical description of possibilities of keeping con-centrations of initial components constant is discussed. It is shown that the problem considering diffusion of initial components gives rise to an imperfect bifurcation problem. The diffusion equa-tions have been solved numerically by a continuation procedure for the fixed and zero flux boundary conditions. The analysis indicates that the models including diffusion of all reacting components do not admit an occurence of trivial solutions. These models, as a result, also exclude the pos-sibility of primary bifurcations. The models which consider diffusion of the initial components suppress the number of possible solutions of governing equations. These models may also predict both symmetric and asymmetric states. Apparently this type of models is more suitable for predic-tion of patterns of spatial organization in growth. Since the number of possible profiles is strongly reduced this principle may lead to a more deterministic way of an evolution process. Symmetric profiles occuring on an isola cannot be reached by an evolution process unless a large perturbation is imposed on the system. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 39—45 (1982); received August 24 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0039.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0039 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 14 | Author
| Ivan Gutman | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Topological Properties of Benzenoid Systems. IX *. On the Sextet Polynomial | | | | Abstract
| A number of mathematical relations for the sextet polynomial are derived. A graph has been introduced (the so called C-graph), representing those properties of a benzenoid system which are essential in the sextet theory of Clar. The main structural properties of the C-graph are deter-mined. The obtained results contribute towards a better understanding of the algebraic and combinatorial background of Clar's theory of the aromatic sextet. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 69—73 (1982); received September 26 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0069.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0069 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 15 | Author
| C. Bojarski, G. Zurkowska, J. Tyrzyk | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| The Concentrational Changes of the Fluorescence Decay Time of Rhodamine B in Ethanol | | | | Abstract
| The photoluminescence decay time r of neutral solutions of rhodamine B in ethanol was mea-sured for concentrations c from 10~ 5 mol l -1 to 10 -2 mol l -1 at 295 K. The T(C) curve observed is atypical, showing two regions of decreasing r. The drop over the range 4 X 10 -4 to 10~ 3 mol 1 _1 was explained by the presence of two ionic forms of rhodamine B, and that at concentrations greater than 4 X 10 -3 mol l -1 — by rhodamine B dimers. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 74—77 (1982); received October 13 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0074.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0074 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 16 | Author
| Sonja Solar, Wolfgang Solar, Nikola Getoff | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| Pulse Radiolysis and Simulation Computation Studies on Acridine Orange in Aqueous Solutions | | | | Abstract
| A combined pulse radiolysis-computer simulation method was applied for the elucidation of the complicated multiple H-attack on acridine orange in aqueous solutions at pH = 1 to 3. The simultaneous formation of three intermediates was established: semiquinone (H-addition on the N-atom of the chromophore group), R--species (reaction on the meso-C-atom) and H-adducts on the aromatic ring carbon. Their superimposed spectra were resolved, the individual extinction coefficients and the rate constants for their formation and decay were determined. The results are of importance in particular for understanding the decomposition of acridine orange applied as sensitizer in various devices for solar energy utilization. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 78—85 (1982); received October 31 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0078.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0078 | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 17 | Author
| Y. Sakai, E.-H Böttcher, W. F. Schmidt | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| | | | | Abstract
| The electron drift velocity in solid neon is reported for the field strength range 1 to 50 kV cm -1 . | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 87 (1982); received December 29 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0087_n.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0087_n | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 18 | Author
| B. S. Prasada Reddy, R. V. Joshi, L.H H Prasad, T. R. Joshi | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| | | | | Abstract
| The excitation and emission spectra of pure and thallium activated ammonium chloride have been examined at room temperature. It is found that excitation bands at 242 and 256 nm and emission bands at 380 and 460 as well as 500 nm are characteristics of lightly and heavily doped NHLjChTl, respectively. It is suggested that internal electronic tran-sitions in TIC1 molecules and (TlCln)~ complex ions are responsible for the two emission band groups. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 89—90 (1982); received October 15 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0089_n.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0089_n | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 19 | Author
| Kawski, M. Ligza | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| A | | | | Abstract
| Highly resolved vibronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of dioxido-p-terphenyl and the fluorescence spec-trum of trioxido-p-quaterphenyl in n-hexane at 77 K were obtained. The analysis of the vibrational structure in the excited singlet Si and in the ground So state gives funda-mental frequencies in the ground state in good agreement with those from infrared (IR) and Raman spectra. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 91—92 (1982); received November 6 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0091_n.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0091_n | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
| 20 | Author
| A. Lisicki, J. Bielski, Szudy | Requires cookie* | | | Title
| E | | | | Abstract
| The Doppler and collision broadening and shift of the 535.0 nm T1 line resulting from photodissociation of thal-lium iodide were investigated at low densities of nitrogen. The pressure broadening and shift coefficients were deter-mined. | | | |
Reference
| Z. Naturforsch. 37a, 93—94 (1982); received October 19 1981 | | | |
Published
| 1982 | | | |
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| | | | | TEI-XML for
| default:Reihe_A/37/ZNA-1982-37a-0093_n.pdf | | | | Identifier
| ZNA-1982-37a-0093_n | | | | Volume
| 37 | |
|
